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Introductionandmethodology
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INTRODUCTIONANDMETHODOLOGY
Thefundamentalfeatureofacourtthatenablesittodispensejustice
isitsindependence.Thisisafeaturewhichnotonlysetsthejudiciary
apart,butalsodefinesit.Itisjudicialindependence1thatallowsusto
differentiatebetweenjudgesandofficials.Itdeterminesboththerole
ofcourtsandofjudgeswithinthestate.Itisnotmerelyanattributeof
thejudicialoffice;itdeterminesitsessence2.Theguaranteethatajudge
whodeliversasentencewillactuponthelawandtheirownconscience,
withoutcavingtoanyexternalpressures,isinscribedintheessenceof
ajudge'sfunction.
Althoughthisinstitutionissofundamentaltotheexistenceofthestate
andoftheentirelegalorder,sofarnocomplexelaborationofithasbeen
produced.Meanwhile,athoroughdiscussionofthisissue,combining
personalandproceduralelements,isparticularlyusefulandneededin
practice.Scholarsdealingwithcivilprocedurallawhavebroachedthe
topiconlysuperficially,addressingmainlytheissuesaroundimpar-
tialityofthejudges,butnottheirindependence.Particularlyevident
istheabsenceofanydogmaticanalysisoftheinfluenceofjudicialand
administrativesupervisioninthisverycontextonthejurisdictional
functioningofthecourts.Meanwhile,anexcessivelybroadjudicial
oradministrativesupervisionmayinterferewithindependenceofthe
1
Forthepurposesofthiswork,theterm‘judicialindependence’istobeunderstoodas
asynonymof‘independenceofjudges’
,whichiffurtherdividedintopersonal,functional
andorganizationaltypesofindependence.Wheneverthetextreferstoindependenceof
courtsorofthejudiciaryasawhole,itisclearlystated[translator’snote].
2A.Heusch,GGKommentarzumGrundgesetz,12.Auflage,CarlHeymannsVerlag
2011,p.2032.
