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38
Introductionandmethodology
righttoanindependentcourtisthesubjectofprimarilydomesticcase
law,butalsoofEuropeanjurisprudence.Atthesametime,theresearch
aimstocriticallyaddresstheexistingconstitutionalcaselawoutput,in
whichtheissueofjudicialindependencehasfrequentlybeenmargina-
lizedtotheso-calledcompetencecore.Theobjectiveofthisworkisto
showtheinseverability,feedbackandstrictconnectionsbetweenthe
principlesofjudicialindependenceandindependenceofcourts.Law-
makersoftheconstitutionalsystemhavegivenjudicialindependence
notonlyafunctionaldimension(independenceofjudgesindischarg-
ingtheiroffice),butaboveallaninstitutionalone.Independenceof
judgescannotbeseparatedfromindependenceofcourts.Theremust
necessarilyexistaiunctimbetweenthesetwoprinciples,asacornerstone
ofthepositionofjudicialpowerwithinthestatesystem.Withoutthe
principleofindependenceofcourts,theindependenceofjudgeswould
besuspendedinaninstitutionalvacuum.Finally,personalindependence
ofjudgesdeterminesthewholeofjudicialindependence.Justasjudicial
independencecannotbeseparatedfromtheindependenceofcourts,
therearenotindependentcourtswithoutindependentjudges.Personal
independenceofasinglejudgeisasinequanonconditionforensuring
therighttoindependentcourt.
Thisworkconcentratesontheissueofjudicialindependenceincivil
proceedings,understoodsensustricto.Nevertheless,theguaranteesof
judicialindependenceoftheConstitutionalTribunaljudgesfallsoutside
ofitsscope,owingtotheirseparateconstitutionalstatus.Itiswithout
adoubt,however,thattheissueofjudicialindependenceanditsgua-
ranteesisauniversaloneandappliestotheTribunaljudgesaswell.Also
outsideofthescopeofthisworkistheanalysisofjudicialindependence
incriminalandadministrativecourtproceedings,althoughowingtothe
concurrenceofconstitutionalguaranteesregardingjudicialindepen-
dence,theconsiderationshereinarealsorelevantforboththesetypes
ofproceedings,aswellasuniversallyforalltypesofcourtproceedings.
Havingregardtothepaceofrecentlegislativechangesrelatingtoissues
discussedinthispaper,thecurrentlegalframeworkon31thOctober
2017ispresentedinthebook.
