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3.ThearchaeologyandhistoryofEast-CentralEurope...
AD19,thestateoftheQuadigrewinstrength,ruledduringthefirsthalfofthe
firstcenturyADbyVannius.
ThenextspateofwarsoftheRomanswithGermanictribes,andwithother
barbarianpeoplesinEurope,wasduringthereignofDomitian(AD81-96).After
themilitarycampaignofAD82-83,theRomansgainedcontrolofAgriDecumates,
theareabetweentheUpperRhineandtheUpperDanube.InAD85Roman
MoesiawasattackedbyDacians,ledbytheirkingDecebalus,whicheventstarted
amorethantwentyyears’periodoftheDacianWars.Otherbarbarianpeoples,
someGermanictribesaswellasSarmatians,wereinvolvedinthisconflicton
bothsides.ThepeacewiththeDaciansendingthefirststageofthewarsofthe
RomanswiththistribewasmadeinAD89.InAD92,Domitianmadewaron
theMiddleDanubeontheMarcomanni,theQuadiandtheSarmatianIazyges,
thelatterestablishedatthetimeontheLowerandMiddleTisa.Inthereignof
EmperorTrajan(AD98-117),thewarswiththeDacianseruptedanew.Asaresult
ofcampaignsfoughtinAD101-106Decebalusandhispeopleweredefeated,their
territoryannexedbytheRomansandturnedintotheprovinceofDacia.Forthe
nextsixtyyearspeacereignedontheDanube,atleastthisissuggestedbythesilence
ofthesourcesonthissubject.Thereisonlyanenigmaticrecorddatingtothereign
ofAntoninusPius(138-161)onRomaninvolvementintheinternalaffairsofthe
stateoftheQuadi.68FurthergreatarmedconflictsontheDanubetookplacein
AD166-180.KnowntohistoriansastheMarcomannicWars,thisconflictwasset
offbythebarbarianonslaughtontheRomanprovincesontheMiddleDanube.
Initslaterstages,thesewarswerefoughttothenorthoftheDanube,inbarbarian
territory.AlsoinvolvedinthefightingnexttotheMarcomanni,theQuadiandthe
Iazygeswereotherbarbariantribes,forexampletheCelticCotiniandtheBuri,
someofthemlivinginaterritoryquiteremotefromthebordersoftheEmpire.
ConcludedbythepeaceofAD180,theMarcomannicWarsbroughtnolasting
changestothebordersofRome.ThepeaceontheDanubianborderdidnotlast
long.Newwarswiththebarbarians,albeitonasmallerscale,flaredupinAD
188,andlater,inAD196-203andAD214-215.Thethirdcenturywasthetime
ofgreatinvasionsofGermanictribesalsoonthewesternprovincesoftheEmpire,
andstartingfromAD230s,ofGothicraidsontheBalkanprovinces.Butbefore
describingthewarswiththeGoths,themaintribeslivingintheterritorytothe
northoftheSudetesandtheCarpathiansatthistimewillbebrieflycharacterized.
ThegreatestofthepeoplesinhabitingthisregionweretheLugii,commonly
identifiedwiththePrzeworskculturepeople,oratleastsomepartofthispopulation.
NotmuchisknownabouttheLugii,whichmakesiteasiertoreviewallthemain
writtensourcesontheirsubjectdatingtofirstandsecondcenturyAD.Thefirst
referencetotheLugiiappearsinearlyfirstcenturyADinStrabo,69whodescribes
68Anumismaticsource–thelegendREXQVADISDATVSidentifiedonthereverseofan
AntoninusPiussestertius.SeeKolendo1994,p.222.
69StraboVII,1,3.
