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3.ThearchaeologyandhistoryofEast-CentralEurope...
tocorrespondtolivelycontactsbetweenthePrzeworskculturecommunitiesand
therepresentativesofDaciancultures.62Lastbutnotleast,DacianandPrzeworsk
culturetraitsareobservedinassociationinassemblagesrecordedontheUpper
SanRiverintheeasternBeskidymountainsdescribedasof‘Wietrzno-Solina
type’datingtothelaterphaseoftheearlyRomanperiodandtothebeginningof
thelaterRomanperiod.Thisphenomenonhasbeeninterpretedastheeffectof
anortherlyexpansionoftheDaciantribeoftheCarpi.
BorderingtheWielbarkcultureterritorytothewestandthePrzeworskculture
territorytothesouth,theWestBaltBarrowculturegavewayduringtheRoman
periodtotheWestBaltculturecomplex.Oneofitsunits,theBogaczewoculture,
wasestablishedintoday’sMazuryandaroundthisregion,another–theDollkeim-
KovrovocultureevolvedinSambiaandregionsadjacent.Thepopulationofthe
WestBaltculturecomplexmaybeidentifiedwiththetribeoftheAestiiknownto
classicalauthors.63DuringtheRomanperiodtheterritorytotheeastoftheWest
BaltculturecomplexcontinuedundertheBrushedPotteryculture.Lastbutnot
least,thebroadterritoryspreadingtotheeastofthePrzeworskculturewassettled
bygroupswithatraditionderivingfromtheZarubintsyculture.Duringtheearly
Romanperiodtheyarereferredtoas‘Zarubintsycultureinitslaterphases’,64or
alternately,as‘thepost-Zarubintsyhorizon’,itspopulationpossiblyidentifiable
withtheVenetiknowntoclassicalhistorians,65Tacitusinparticular.66
Withoutgoingdeeperintothedetailsoftheculturetransformationtaking
placeinEast-CentralEuropeinthelaterandlateRomanperiod,itisimportantto
noteoneparticularlydefinitelypivotalprocessobservedhereduringthisage.This
concernsthesouth-easterlyexpansionoftheWielbarkculture,atthebeginningof
thesecondhalfofthesecondcenturyAD(thetransitionbetweentheearlyand
laterRomanperiod,fromphaseB2toC1).Thisculturenowappearsineastern
Mazovia,ineasternLesserPolandtotheeastoftheVistula,andinthewestern
fragmentofwhatisnowBelarus,previouslyoccupiedbythePrzeworskculture.
Moretothesouth-east,intheBlackSeastepperegion,theCherniakhivculture
tookformduringthelaterRomanperiod,havingevolvedfromthelocalSarmatian
substrateandbearingevidenceforastrongimpactfromtheWielbarkculture.
BytheendofthelateRomanperiodtheCherniakhivculturehadspreadacross
abroadterritoryofpresent-dayUkraine,Moldova,andasfarasRomania;inthe
north,itevenencompassedaportionofsouth-westernRussia.Theexpansionof
theWielbarkcultureandtheriseoftheCherniakhivculturetendtobeinterpreted
byscholarsasarchaeologicalevidenceforthemigrationofGothictribesfrom
northernPolandtothenorthernBlackSeacoast.
62Florkiewicz2006,pp.195-220.
63Forexample,toTacitus:Tac.Germ.,54.
64Pachkova2006,pp.105-133.
65Kolendo2005,p.105.
66Tac.Germ.,46.
