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3.ThearchaeologyandhistoryofEast-CentralEurope...
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Map2.ArchaeologicalculturesofEast-CentralEuropeintheearlyRomanperiod.
1–Elbeculturecomplex,2–Wielbarkculture,3–WestBaltculturecomplex,4–BrushedPottery
culture,5–post-Zarubintsyhorizon(Zarubintsyculture),6–Przeworskculture,7–Lipitsacul-
ture,8–Púchovculture,9–typeWietrzno-Solina,10–Luboszyceculture,GG–Gustowgroup,
LG–Lubuszgroup(drawnbyLeszekGawrysiak)
AsforthephysicalpresenceoftheRomansintheregionofEast-Central
EuropetothenorthoftheCarpathiansandtheSudetes,thereisnoarchaeological
evidencetodocumentit.Inthewrittensourceswefindonedirectreferenceto
ajourney,madeinsearchofamberduringNero’sreign(AD54-68)byaRoman
memberoftheequestrianorder.67Ontheotherhand,fromourstudyareawe
havearemarkableamountofobjectsimportedfromtheRomanEmpire.Other
thancoins,theseincludeweapons,silverandbronzevessels,fineglassandpottery
wares.ThedistributionoftheseimportsintheEuropeanBarbaricumisnoteven,
withlargerconcentrationsinsomeregionsandamuchthinnerspreadinothers.
Thechronologicaldistributionoftheimportinfluxisalsouneven.Individual
categoriesofobjectcameinwavesofadifferentduration;thepresenceofsome
ofthemcanbeinterpretedasresultingfromcommercialcontacts,otherscanbe
linkedtopoliticalevents.
OurunderstandingofthearchaeologicalrecordfromtheEuropeanBarbaricum
isassistedbyinputfromhistoryoftheliteratepeoplesofEuropeofthatage.For
theMediterraneanworldthethreefinalcenturiesBCwereatimeofgreatwars,
67Kolendo1981,pp.25-63.