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3.ThearchaeologyandhistoryofEast-CentralEurope...
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Map2.ArchaeologicalculturesofEast-CentralEuropeintheearlyRomanperiod.
1Elbeculturecomplex,2Wielbarkculture,3WestBaltculturecomplex,4BrushedPottery
culture,5post-Zarubintsyhorizon(Zarubintsyculture),6Przeworskculture,7Lipitsacul-
ture,8Púchovculture,9typeWietrzno-Solina,10Luboszyceculture,GGGustowgroup,
LGLubuszgroup(drawnbyLeszekGawrysiak)
AsforthephysicalpresenceoftheRomansintheregionofEast-Central
EuropetothenorthoftheCarpathiansandtheSudetes,thereisnoarchaeological
evidencetodocumentit.Inthewrittensourceswendonedirectreferenceto
ajourney,madeinsearchofamberduringNero’sreign(AD54-68)byaRoman
memberoftheequestrianorder.67Ontheotherhand,fromourstudyareawe
havearemarkableamountofobjectsimportedfromtheRomanEmpire.Other
thancoins,theseincludeweapons,silverandbronzevessels,neglassandpottery
wares.ThedistributionoftheseimportsintheEuropeanBarbaricumisnoteven,
withlargerconcentrationsinsomeregionsandamuchthinnerspreadinothers.
Thechronologicaldistributionoftheimportinuxisalsouneven.Individual
categoriesofobjectcameinwavesofadifferentduration;thepresenceofsome
ofthemcanbeinterpretedasresultingfromcommercialcontacts,otherscanbe
linkedtopoliticalevents.
OurunderstandingofthearchaeologicalrecordfromtheEuropeanBarbaricum
isassistedbyinputfromhistoryoftheliteratepeoplesofEuropeofthatage.For
theMediterraneanworldthethreenalcenturiesBCwereatimeofgreatwars,
67Kolendo1981,pp.25-63.