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AControversialInterpretationoftheδlδoυForm…
15
ingintoewhichoccursinHerodotus(e.g.śxepisteai),6poeticformsofpresent
imperativemiddleandpassiveofverbswhereasohadcontractedintow(e.g.
†stw)7andwhereesohadcontractedintoou(e.g.tiqou)8aswellastheform
didounotedbyonlytwoscholars.9
Thedidouformisaregularactiveformoftheimperativeresultingfromthe
contractionofoande.Somemodernlinguistsregardittobealsopresentimpera-
tivemiddleandpassive,althoughitistheformdidosowhichisconsideredto
betheregularatticform.Accordingtothisinterpretation,didouwouldbethe
resultofcontractionoftwoo:didou<didoso.SuchistheopinionofSmythand
Goodwin10notsupportedbyanyotherscholar.Theybelievetheformtooccurin
poetry,andadditionally,Smythconsidersitalateform.Smyth’sopinionmight
bebasedontheformswhichcanbefoundinGalen.InDeremediisparabilibus
(Gal.XIV
,p.372,12)wecanfindacontracteddidouformwhichmaybecon-
sideredmiddlewhentakingintoaccounttheregularformofpresentimperative
middleandpassivedidosooccurringinthesamesentence:
[ł]didouyucroàÛdatogkatapineinśkdialeimm£twn,kaieimŚn
parhgorottotoàto,aÙtÕg¢nakthsamenogtrof¾ndidoso.
“[…]drinksomecoldwaterfromtimetotime(literally:giveyourselfadrink)
and,ifitalleviates(thepain)whenyourecovereatyourfill(literally:give
yourselfsomefood).”
Inthiscasethesubjectisboththedoeroftheactivityanditsobject.Mostprob-
ablyitistheonlyexampleofdidosoimperativeinpreservedtexts.Therearecon-
siderablymoreexamplesofdidouform.Itisdifficulttoestablishwhetheramong
themtherearethoseregardedbySmythandGoodwinaspoeticmiddleformsas
thescholarsfailtoprovideinformationregardingtheirplaceofoccurrence.
ThedidouformcanbefoundinHomerinHomericHymns,inTheognis,Ana-
creon,intragedyandinAristophanes:11
6H.W.Smyth:TheSoundsandInflectionsoftheGreekDialects:IonicDialect…,p.574;
W.W.Goodwin:GreekGrammar…,p.172.
7W.W.Goodwin:GreekGrammar…,p.164;E.Schwyzer:GriechischeGrammatikł,
p.688;Smyth1956,p.155;Eur.Rh.685;Aristoph.Ec.737.
8W.W.Goodwin:GreekGrammar…,p.164;E.Schwyzer:GriechischeGrammatikł,
p.688;H.W.Smyth:GreekGrammar…,p.155;Aesch.Eum.226.
9W.W.Goodwin:GreekGrammar…,p.164;H.W.Smyth:GreekGrammar…,p.155.
10W.W.Goodwin:GreekGrammar…,p.164;H.W.Smyth:GreekGrammar…,p.155.
11Analysisbasedoneditionssuchas:HomeriOpera.Recognovitbreviqueadnotationecritica
instruxitT.W.Allen.Vols.3-4.Oxonii1958(11908);GreekLyricII:Anacreon,Anacreontea,Cho-
ralLyricfromOlympustoAlcman.EditedandtranslatedbyD.A.Campbell.Cambridge,MA2006
(11988);IambietElegiGraecianteAlexandrumcantatiI-II.Ed.M.L.West.Oxford1998;Aeschyli
tragoediae.Ed.M.L.West.Leipzig1990;Sophocles:Antigone.Ed.M.Griffith.Cambridge
2007(11999);Euripides:Medea.Ed.withintroductionandcommentarybyD.L.Page.Oxford
