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partymayrentitsrealestateandpremisesonlyforthepurposeofaconstituency
ofce,asenator’sofce,oracouncillor’sofce.Apoliticalpartymaybefinancially
supportedonlybyPolishcitizens,permanentlyresidingintheRepublicofPoland
[Ustawaoś,1997,Article25].
OnlythosepartiesthatparticipatedintheSejmelectionsmaybeincludedinthe
governmentsubsidy.Aformationthatgainedmorethan3%ofvalidvotes(electoral
committeeofaparty)or6%ofvalidvotes(electoralcommitteeofacoalition)inthe
wholecountryisentitledtothesubsidy[Ustawaoś,1997,Article28].Government
subsidieshavebeenawardedsince2001,andin2011,theywerereduced.Onlynext
electionsmaychangetheamountsubsidedtotheparty.Newparties,forinstance,
thosethatarecreatedasaresultofdivisionsinanexistingparty,arenotentitledto
receivethegovernmentsubsidy.However,ifapartyiscreatedasaresultofmerging
existingparties,itisentitledtoreceivethesubsidyintheamountwhichisthesumof
thesubsidiesachievedbythepartiesbeforetheymerged[Gendźwiłłetal.2017:43].
Tesubsidyawardedtotheelectoralcoalitionofpoliticalpartiesisdivided
betweentheirconstitutingmemberpartiesaccordingtoproportionsdesignated
inthecoalitionagreement.Teannualgovernmentsubsidyawardedduringthe
Sejm’stermofofceispaidtothepartyinfourinstalmentseverythreemonths.
Teamountoftheannualsubsidyforapoliticalpartyoranelectoralcoalitionis
calculatedaccordingtotheformulaincludedinthelegalact.Itdependsonthe
numberofvotesthatthepartygainedduringtheSejmelections.Foreachreceived
vote,thepartyreceivestheamountwhichdependsonthepercentageofelectoral
support[Ustawaoś,1997,Article29].
Politicalpartiesareobligedtodonatefrom5%to15%oftheirsubsidiestothe
ExpertFund,whichallowstofinancelegal,political,sociologicalandsocio-economic
expertsurveysandpublishingandeducationalactivities,linkedtothestatutory
activitiesofthepoliticalparty[Ustawaoś,1997,Article30].Apoliticalpartyis
entitledtoreceiveagrantfromthegovernmentbudgetforeachMPandsenator
seatitwins.Itisaformofacompensationfortheexpensesthepartyincurredfor
theelectioncampaignduringtheSejm,SenateandEuropeanParliamentelections.
Notonlypoliticalparties,butalsoelectoralcommitteesareentitledtothisgrant.
Politicalpartiescannotrunbusinessactivitiesororganisepublicfund-raisers.
EvolutionofthePolishpartysystem,1991–2001
Electoralcompetitionin1989resultedincreatingtwooppositepoliticalalliances,
PUWPand“Solidarność”
.Tisbipolardivisiondisintegratedsoonafertheelections.
Asaresultofdecompositionofbothformations,newpartieswerecreated,whose
supportwasnotverifiedbyelections.Tefirstfullyfreeparliamentaryelections
