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PartySysteminPoland
13
Anobviousconsequenceofthediferencesappearingwithin“Solidarność”was
creatinggroupswhichtransformedintopoliticalparties.
Tepresidentialelectionsof1990sawacompetitionbetweenLechWałęsaand
TadeuszMazowiecki.Tisconflict,causedbyLechWałęsaandnamed“thewarat
thetop”
,wassupposedtobeacontrolleddivisionofthepost-Solidarnośćcampand,
intime,creatingatwo-partysystemwherebothcompetingsideswouldoriginate
from“Solidarność”
.Yet,thisplanfailed.Asaresult,twopartieswereestablished:the
Citizens’MovementforDemocraticAction(RuchObywatelskiAkcjaDemokratyczna)
andtheCentreAgreement(PorozumienieCentrum).Whatwassignificantwasthe
factthataboutone-thirdofthevotesweregiventothecandidatescomingfrom
outsideofthe“Solidarność”camp,whichwasthefirstsignthatatwo-blocksystem
withinthepost-Solidarnośćformationisimpossible.
Whatischaracteristicforthisperiodistheformationofmanypoliticalparties.
Mostpartiesintheinitialperiodofpoliticaltransformationwerecreatedasaresult
ofdivisionsandinternalconflicts.Tisfactwascausedbyalackofcontinuityin
politics.Alackofinterestinpoliticalpartiesinsocietyisalsoevident[Wojtaszczyk
1993:33].Anegativeattitudetowardstheinstitutionofthepoliticalpartyisalso
visibleintheavoidancetousetheword“party”inthenamesoftheformations.
Otherterms,suchas“union”
,“agreement”
,“movement”
,“coalition”
,“alliance”and
“congress”wereusedinstead.
PoliticalpartiescreatedandoperatinginPolandafer1989maybedividedinto
severalbasicgroups,accordingtotheirorigins:
•post-communistparties,createdinthePolishPeople’sRepublicortransformed
fromthepartieslegallyoperatinginthePolishPeople’sRepublictocontinue
theirwork;
•post-Solidarnośćparties,createdoutofthesocialmovementof“Solidarność”;
•partiescreatedbycommunitiesinoppositioninthePolishPeople’sRepublic,
unrelatedto“Solidarność”;
•historicalparties,referringtothepoliticaltraditionsbeforeWorldWarII;
•newparties,createdasaresultofnewsocio-politicaldivisionsorofpolitical
elites’work[Sokół2003:197-198].
Itshouldbestressedthatpost-communistformationshavetakenovertheconcept
oflef-wingpolitics.Telefhasbeenunequivocallyassociatedwithpost-commu-
nistparties,whichintheinitialstagesofthetransformationwereisolatedparties,
duetothefactthatnoright-wingpartieswerecreatedasaresultofmodifications
ofpost-communistparties.Ontheotherhand,thoseformationsthatoriginated
from“Solidarność”wereassociatedwiththeright,eventhoughthesepartiesalso
includedlef-wingactivists.
