Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
PartySysteminPoland
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RepublicofPolandshallensurefreedomforthecreationandfunctioningofpolitical
parties”
,which“shallbefoundedontheprincipleofvoluntarinessanduponthe
equalityofPolishcitizens,andtheirpurposeshallbetoinfluencetheformulationof
thepolicyoftheStatebydemocraticmeans”[KonstytucjaRzeczypospolitejPolskiej
(ConstitutionoftheRepublicofPoland),1997].Clause2ofthesamearticlestip-
ulatesfinancialtransparencyofthepoliticalparties.Article13oftheConstitution
concernsprohibitiononsuchpoliticalpartiesandorganisations“whoseprogrammes
arebasedupontotalitarianmethodsandthemodesofactivityofNazism,fascism
andcommunism,aswellasthosewhoseprogrammesoractivitiessanctionracial
ornationalhatred,theapplicationofviolenceforthepurposeofobtainingpower
ortoinfluencetheStatepolicy[ś]”
.Tisprohibitionalsoconcernsthoseparties
whichkeeptheirstructuresandmembershipsinsecrecy[Konstytucjaś,1997].
SuchformulationsintheConstitutionmadeitnecessarytointroduceanewPolitical
PartiesAct.
AccordingtothePolishlaw,apoliticalpartyis“avoluntaryorganisation,under
aparticularname,whichaimsatparticipatinginpubliclifebyexertinginfluence
ontheformulationofthepolicyoftheStatebydemocraticmeansorbyexercising
publicpower”[Ustawaopartiachpolitycznych(PoliticalPartiesAct),1997].No
permissionfromanystateinstitutionisnecessarytoestablishanewpoliticalparty,
creationofwhichtakestheformofregistration.Registrationapplicationshould
includethenameoftheparty,itsacronym,names,surnamesandaddressesofpeople
licensedbytheby-lawofthepartytorepresentitandtoincurfinancialobligations.
Registrationapplicationmustalsoincludeacopyoftheby-lawofthepartyand
alistofathousandcitizensofPoland,18orolder,whosupporttheestablishment
oftheparty[Ustawaoś,1997,Article11].
Teby-lawofthepartyshouldalsoincludedescriptionsofthefollowing:the
meanstoacquireandforfeitmembership,rightsandresponsibilitiesofthemem-
bers,partyauthorities,includingthoserepresentingthepartyandtheauthorities
entitledtoincurfinancialobligations,theircompetencesandtheirperiodofofce,
regulationsforcreatinganddissolvinglocaldivisionsoftheparty,andthemeans
ofdissolvingthepartyandmergingitwithanotherparty.
Tefundingsourcesofpoliticalpartiesaretransparent,andpartiesareobliged
topresentannualfinancialreports.Tefundsfortheoperationsofthepartymay
byderivedfrom:membershipfees,donations,inheritance,gifbywill,property
incomeandgrantsandsubsidiesregulatedbythelaw[Ustawaoś,1997,Article24].
Apoliticalpartymayderiveitsincomefrompropertyonlywhenitcomes
from:1)interestfromfundsaccruedonbankingaccountsordeposits;2)trading
governmentbondsandgovernmenttreasurysecurities;3)propertysale;4)saleof
thecopiesoftheby-laworprogrammeoftheparty,andoftheobjectssymbolizing
thepartyandpublicationspopularizingitsobjectivesandactivities.Apolitical
