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A
itselfisanautonomouscomponentofthehumanmind,inprincipleinde-
pendentofothermentalfaculties.IntheChomskyanparadigm,then,the
mainconcernoflinguisticsisthestudyofgrammaticalcompetence,thatis,
thestrictlylinguisticknowledgewhichaspeakerhasacquiredinvirtueof
thepropertiesofthelanguagefaculty.TeAmericancognitivelinguistJohn
Taylor(1991:18-19)pointsoutthattheuautonomoushypothesis,”uinbothits
structuralistandtransformational-generativeguises,isnotnew,”andherefers
ustowhatB.Malinowski(1937:172citedinTaylor1991:19)wroteconcerning
thisissuealreadydecadesago:
Canwetreatlanguageasanindependentsubjectofstudy?Isthere
alegitimatescienceofwordsalone,ofphonetics,grammar,and
lexicography?Ormustallstudyofspeakingleadtothetreatmentof
linguisticsasabranchofthegeneralscienceofculture?[ł]Tedis-
tinctionbetweenlanguageandspeech,stillsupportedbysuchwriters
asBfihlerandGardener,butdatingbacktoDeSaussureandWegener,
willhavetobedropped.Languagecannotremainanindependent
andself-containedsubjectofstudy.
InhisFoundationsofCognitiveGrammar,Vol.1:TeoreticalPrerequisites
(1978:274),GeorgeLakofsaysthatitisunrealistictospeakofalanguage
facultyindependentofusensory-motorandcognitivedevelopment,percep-
tion,memory,attention,socialinteraction,personality,andotheraspectsof
experience”(quotedinTaylor1991:19).LinguistswhobelievewithLakofthat
aspectsofexperienceandcognitionarecruciallyimplicatedinthestructure
andfunctioningoflanguagehavegiventhetermcognitivetotheirapproach.
Seecognitivelinguistics,structurallinguistics,Transformational-Genera-
tiveGrammar
auxiliarylanguage-językpomocniczy
Anothertermforartificiallanguage.
Seeartificiallanguage
auxiliaryverb-czasownikposiłkowy
Asubsetofverbswhichcanoccurintheverbphrasealongsideamainlexical
verb.TemainauxiliaryverbsinEnglisharebe,doandhave(calleduprimary
auxiliaries”inF.R.Palmer’sALinguisticStudyoftheEnglishVerb)andthe
modalauxiliaryverbs(calledusecondaryauxiliaries”inPalmer),whichin-
cludecan/could,may/might,will/would,must,should,oughtto,need,anddare.
Seelexicalverb
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