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attributivea.-przydawkowy,atrybutywny
Ingrammaticaldescription,thetermisusuallyusedtorefertotheroleof
adjectivesandnounswhentheyoccurasmodifiersoftheheadofanoun
phrase.Forexample,redhasattributivefunctioninthenounphrasethered
chair,ashasJane)sinJane)shat.Attributiveadjectivesappearbetweenthe
determiner(i.e.wordssuchasthe,a,his,their,etc.)andtheheadofthenoun
phrase(cf.e.g.theredchair,amerechild,hismainargument,etc.).Teterm
contrastswiththepredicativefunctionofthesewords,asinthechairisred,
thehatisJane)s.Predicativeadjectivescanbe(a)subjectcomplement(as
inourexamplethechairisred,orinHe)sfoolish);theyarenotonlysubject
complementstonounphrasesbutalsotowholeclauses,as,e.g.in:Whether
hewillresignisuncertain(orconsiderthenon-finiteclauses:Todriveacaris
dangerous,Toplaysohardisfoolish),(b)objectcomplement,asillustratedby
thefollowingexamples:IconsiderJohnfoolish.Hemadehiswifehappy.
Seecomplement,nounphrase,modifier
attributiveadjective-przymiotnikatrybutywny
Seeattributive
audiolingual(aural-oral)method-metodaaudiolingwalna
Amethodofforeignorsecondlanguageteachingwhich(a)emphasisesthe
teachingofspeakingandlisteningbeforereadingandwriting,(b)usesdia-
loguesanddrills,(c)discouragestheuseofmothertongueintheclassroom,
(d)ofenmakesuseofcontrastiveanalysis.Tismethodwasprominentinthe
1950sand1960s,especiallyintheUSA,andhasbeenwidelyusedinmany
otherpartsoftheworld.Tetheorybehindtheaudiolingualmethodisthe
aural-oralapproachtolanguageteaching,whichcontainsthefollowingbe-
liefsaboutlanguageandlanguagelearning:(a)speakingandlisteningarethe
mostbasiclanguageskills,(b)eachlanguagehasitsownuniquestructureand
rulesystem,(c)languageislearnedthroughforminghabits.Teseideaswere
basedpartlyonthetheoryofstructurallinguisticsandpartlyonbehaviour-
istpsychology(JCRandRSch).
Seebehaviouristicpsychology,structurallinguistics
auditoryphonetics-fonetykaaudytywna(percepcyjna)
Tebranchofphoneticsconcernedwithhowspeechsoundsareperceivedby
thelistener.
Seephonetics
augmentativen.,a.-augmentativum,zgrubienie
Amorphologicalconstructionwhichisusedtodenotesomethingoflargesize,
e.g.Pol.chłopisko,konisko,etc.Teafx-isko/-yskoisatypicalaugmentative
