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In1842,GrassmannpublishedTheoriederZentralen,inwhich
hepresentedgeneraltheoremsondiameters,asymptotes,tan-
gents,curvesandareasobtainedinspecialcases,onthebasis
oftheworksofPonceletandMöbius(creatorofthebarycentric
calculus).Inthispaper,healsopresentedallofPoncelot’sresults.
Thisworkdemonstratedthecreativepoweroftheauthor,however
withoutanymaterialcontributiontothenewanalyticalmethods.
In1839,GrassmannpublishedTheoriederEbbeundFlut(The
LowandHighTideTheory),inwhichheusedthevectorcalculus
forthefirsttime.In1844,hepublishedhisfoundationalwork,
DielinealeAusdehnungslehre,einnuerZweigderMathematik,
writteninthedifcultOldGermanlanguage.Alreadythein-
itialpartofthetitleposesdifcultiesintranslationtoModern
German.InEnglishliterature,itreadsasfollows:TheTheoryof
Extension,aNewBranchofMathematics.IntoPolish,thetitle
couldbetranslatedasWykładyoliniowejteoriirozszerzenia,
nowagałąźmatematyki(asitappliesnotonlytovectorcalculus).
InPolishliterature,thispaperwasfirstreferredtobyM.T.Huber
inhisbookMechanikaogólnaitechniczna,inaninteresting
footnoteonp.25.
InAusdehnungslehre,Grassmannusessmallcalculi,butatan
unprecedentedlevelofabstraction.Duetothephilosophical
styleofthework,itwasnotappreciatedbythecontemporary
mathematicians,however-asconfirmedbyErdmann-thethree
axiomspresentedintheRiemann-Helmholtztheorycorrespond
tothethesesexpressedbyGrassmannandconsideredasadequate
inthistheory.ThebookwashighlyappreciatedbyMöbius,how-
everhewouldnotreviewitandrecommendedDrobisch,whom
heregardedasamorecompetentmathematician.However,he
oferedGrassmanntowriteanabstractofAusdehnungslehreas
anarticlefortheArchivderMathematikjournal.Thesecond
editionofthisworkwaspublishedin1862.Itsrevisededition
withanextensiveintroductionbytheauthorwasprintedin1878
inLeipzig,underthefollowingtitle:DieAusdehnungslehrevon
1844oderDielinealeAusdehnunglehre:einnuerZweigder
MathematikdargestelltunddurchAndendungenaufdieubrigen
ZweigederMathematik,wieauchaufdieStatik,Mechanik,die
LehrevomMagnetismusunddieKrystallonomieerläutert(Verlag
vonOttoWiegand).Theworkconsistsof302pages,including
onewith17figuresattheend.
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INTRODUCTION
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