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MarekADAMKIEWICZ,ArnoldWARCHAŁ
fromconcernforone’sownfateaferdeath(transcendentalreflection).Inaddition,
theremaybeworriesthatconcernliability,guilt,abandonmentorharm.Some-
timesanxietyarisesfromthefearofatomizationofthesoma.However,theleading
sourceofstressfulreactionsisguilt,whichisaninternalandconsciousexpression
ofself-criticismforthecourseofone’slife,forlackofempathy,forselfishness,for
hedonismorforeverythingelsethatseemstobesinful,orshameful.Teguiltborn
ofembarrassmentrootedinthefearofthelownessofownliferevealsthecauses
oferrorsbehindremorse.Teircommonexamplesaremanifestationofimpatience,
lackofcareforothers,jealousy,pursuitofmoney,power,oranunauthorizedsocial
position.Guiltisalsocausedbyindulgenceinourpassions,andweaknesses.Also,
thedissatisfactionwiththefailuresofotherpeopleisembarrassing.Inthissense,
thesenseofguiltistheanticipationofthepunishmentthatamanwantstoinflict
onanon-seriousconcernoraninfamousemotionalattitudetotheenvironment.
Onthebasisofguilt,angercanbebornforthelackofcompassionforotherpeople’s
sufering.However,thiscanbecausedbyotherfactors,suchas,forexample,anger
ontheother,whichhasfailedorgrievancesforsomeinefciencyorinefectiveness.
Hereinovercomingthehardshipsoflifepsychologicaldiscomfort(grief,moral
dilemmas,fear)bornbyourownpassivityreducesnotonlyourtrustworthiness
butalsousability.Mostoftheexperiencesassociatedwithangerduetomistakes
madearetheresultofsometimessub-consciousreactions,whichinsomeway
explainstheambivalenceofattitudestowardsthepresenceoftheconscienceitself.
Forexample,experiencinggoodnessandhostilityisasimplestateofresonance
causedbyadistancetotheneedtogiveorgiveassistancetosomeoneofenwithout
obviousorobviousmotivation.Tiscontradictionseemstobeacommonpattern
oflifewhoseendparadoxicallystrengthensethicalattitudesbasedontheassess-
mentofthedisseminationofgoodinit.Atthesourceofthisnobilityliesnotonly
sometranscendentalfearofmoralprogress,butalsothetransformationofman’s
relationshiptoitsendwhichisasourceoffearhiddenfromlovedonesinthe
nameoffeelingsthatareafictedwiththem.Fromthisattitudealieisbornabout
therealstateofhealthofalovedonewhoissettledinrelationsbetweenpeople
intheperiodofterminalillness.
57Temanipulationofthetruthisthereforean
instrumentofdefenseagainstemotionsthatcouldintensifyourorothers’sufering
orregret.Teprotectionofvitalityiscarriedoutbymeansoftheillusionofsurvival
andservesthejoyofcommunicatingwithpeopletotheend,butatthesametime
ittakesawaythefreedomandpathosofmutualreferencestothetragicdestiny
ofhumanlife.Commentingonthis,PhilipAriesconciselywrotethat“deaththanks
toitsbeauty,gavetheopportunitytoformtheclosestrelationshipbetweenwhoever
lefandthosewhoremained:thelastconnectionwithGodand–or–thebrothers
wasthegreatprivilegeofthedying”
.
58
57
Ph.Aries.,Śmierćodwrócona,[in:]Antropologiaśmierci.Myślfrancuska,selection&translationbyS.Cicho-
wicz&J.M.Godzimirski,WydawnictwoNaukowePWN,Warszawa1993,pp.551-552.
58
Ibidem,p.601.
