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TeEndofExistenceinPsychologicalOutlookonFormsofDanger
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partnerandplacesitinadiferentrelationship.Teshortertheexecutiontime
ofthesetasks,theweakeraretheefectsofstresscausedbythelossoflovedones
forthemournerandthecompassionatesurroundings.
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InPoland,JózefMakselonmarkedoutsixstatesthataccompanyaman
inmourning.Heincludedthesensationsandbehaviorsofmourners:loneliness,
searchingforthemeaningoflife,sadness,fear,guiltandanger.
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Loneliness,
whichisprobablythemostimportantprobleminpeoplemourningharm,appears
whenthesenseofidentityandthecontentoflifeiscloselyrelatedtothedeceased.
Lonelinessisaccompaniedbythebreakingoftieswithlovedones,whichresults
inaphysicalfeelingoftheabsenceofanexpensivepersonandthepsychicimpres-
sionoflosingthesocialmeaningofhisexistence.Inthelastcase,wearedealing
withpassingawaydirectlytransferredtoourownanthra,shapingthetemporal
being.Telonelinessbornofitcreatesdifcultiesinmatchingthemeaningoflife.
Tesearchduringthetimeofregretbecomesespeciallystrenuous,especially
sincethepreviousreasonsrelatedtoaclosepersonhavelosttheirpsychological
justification.Teinvestigationintothissensetakesplaceinvariouswaysandcan
takeplacethroughorientationonotherpeople,onGod,oronGodandpeople
simultaneously.Apersoninafuneralreactionmayalsomakeanattemptto
radicallychangetheirexistence,thatis,remainactiveorpassivelystuckinasud-
denlyhostilereality,thedrifingofwhichdoesnotseematfirstpossible.Italso
happensthatpeoplewhoarewilingawayfromanexpensivepersonchoosesui-
cide.Telatterisanextremeexampleoftheinabilitytodealwithtragicsadness.
Andthisisasensationsocommonthatitbecomeseasilyunderstandableinan
environmentnotnecessarilyclosetothesuferingperson.Sorrowistherefore
asimplepsychologicalreactiontothelossofsomeoneandissometimesperceived
asaclaimagainstanunfavorablefatewhich,bytheabsenceofthelovedone
deprivesthemournerofapartofhisbeingcloselyassociatedwiththedeceased.
Herethedyingtakesawayhisworld,andwithittheareainwhichsomeonewas
forus,andweforsomeone.
Teexistentialfear
Fearisaconcentrationofterror,whichisnolongerduetoregretafersome
loss,butdeterminesthepositionofmaninasituationofloneliness.Concernsare
usuallymulti-directionalandhavediferentcauses.Inasense,thereasonsforanxiety
areimponderabilia,whichmaydecideonthechoiceofapathinalaterlifeorinan
exemplaryattitude(passivity,apathyoractivity).Sectsmaybeassociatedwith
thinkingaboutthetemporalfuture(materialisticreflection),butitmayalsoresult
55
Vide:Y
.Novak,Poradnictwoiterapiawokresieżałoby,[in:]Człowiekwsytuacjitrudnej,editedbyB.Hołyst,
PTHP
,Warszawa1991.
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Vide:J.Makselon,Zpsychologicznejproblematykiżałoby,[in:]WykładyzpsychologiiwKULw1985/86r.,
WydawnictwoKUL,Lublin1988.
