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JanWiktor
Thenotionof"thecommonmarket”isacategorythatisrecognisedinin-
ternationaleconomics,includingtheregionalintegrationtheory.Asweknow,
B.Balassausedthatcategorytodefinethethird,afterthefreetradezone
andcustomsunion,formofregionalco-operationofstateswhichisbased
onthecustomsunionenhancedwithfourfreedoms:freemovementofgoods,
services,personsandcapital.Thosefreedomsareconsideredasthepillars
ofthe"commonmarket”.Suchadefinitionofthecommonmarketwasadopted
impliciteintheTreatyofRomethatfoundedtheEuropeanEconomicCommu-
nity.Pursuanttoarticle3ofthatdocument"TheCommunityshallhave
asitstask,byestablishingacommonmarkettopromotethroughouttheCom-
munityaharmonious,balancedandsustainabledevelopmentofeconomic
activities,[…],theraisingofthestandardoflivingandqualityoflife,andeco-
nomicandsocialcohesionandsolidarityamongMemberStates”(Traktat
oustanowieniuEWG,1994,p.39).TheSingleEuropeanAct(SEA),adopted
within1986-1987,providedanewimpulsefortheintegrationprocesswith
the"uniforminternalmarket”tobecomeitscoreelement.TheActstipulated
thattheCommunitywouldemployappropriatemeasuresnecessaryforthe
creationofaninternalmarketbefore31December1992.
MaastrichtTreatyof1992stressedtheimportanceofthecommon(internal)
marketfortheimplementationoftheUETreatyobjectives,inparticular
fortheestablishmentofeconomicandmonetaryunionwithacommoncurrency
(TreatyEstablishingEuropeanCommunity,2004;Wiktor,2005).However,
itshouldbenotedthatformallythetreaty,alsoinitsformmodifiedbytheNice
Treaty,stillmaintainedthenotionofthe"commonmarket”inthemeaningfor-
mulatedintheoryandincludedintheSEA.OnlytheTreatyonFunctioning
oftheEuropeanUnion(TFEU)"raised”thesignificanceofthiscategoryby
theintroductionofanewChapterI"Internalmarket”,attheverybeginning
ofPartIII,"Communitypoliciesandinternalaffairs”.Initsfirstpart,i.e.Treaty
ontheEU,TreatyofLisbonstipulates"TheUnionshallestablishaninternal
market.ItshallworkforthesustainabledevelopmentofEuropebasedon
balancedeconomicgrowthandpricestability,ahighlycompetitivesocialmar-
keteconomy,aimingatfullemploymentandsocialprogress,andahighlevel
ofprotectionandimprovementofthequalityoftheenvironment”(Treaty
ofLisbon,2007).
Nevertheless,informalandlegalterms,"theEUinternalmarket”isbasi-
callytreatedinthesamewayasintheformertreaties,viz.acustomsunion
enhancedwithfourfreedoms.Inturn,thesecondpartoftheReformTreaty
TheTreatyontheFunctioningoftheEuropeanUnioncontainsthecurrently
bindingregulationsoftheTreatyonEuropeanCommunityanditdoesnot
introduceanysignificantchanges,butjustbringsordertoitsformalstructure.
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