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__Chapter1.Explicitation
1.1Definingexplicitation
1.1.1Definitionsofexplicitationinpreviousresearch
Explicitationisanestablishedtermintranslationstudies,whichisevidenced
bythefactthatalltheencyclopaedicworkspublishedsofarinEnglishlistitas
aseparateentry(Shuttleworth&Cowie1997;Baker1998;Baker&Saldanha2011;
Delisleetal.1999;Pöchhacker2015c).Explicitationiscurrentlyoneofthemost
frequentlystudiedphenomenaintranslationstudies.Ithasattractedunprec-
edentedinterestamongtranslationscholars,givingrisetostudiesinavariety
oflanguagecombinations,modesoftranslation,andtexttypes.
Paradoxically,thewidespreadinterestexplicitationhasgeneratedinthe
TranslationStudiescommunityandtheconsequentproliferationofstudieson
thisphenomenonhaveunfortunatelyledtoconceptualinconsistency.Asamat-
teroffact,itseemsthatitispreciselytheprolificcoveragewhichcontributedto
thecurrentmajordiscrepanciesintheperceptionofexplicitation,asattestedby
thefactthatstudiesaimingexclusivelyatdefininganddelimitatingtheconcept
emergedonlyrecently(e.g.,Pym2005;Kamenická2007a;Murtisari2016),fol-
lowingdecadesofintenseempiricalresearchonthisphenomenon.Theexisting
conceptualconfusionisalsoemphasisedinoneofafairlyrecentcontributions
ofEnglundDimitrova,whoobservesthat
atthepresenttimeinstudiesoftranslation,ahostofphenomenawithcertain
aspectsincommonaregroupedtogetherundertheterm“explicitation”which
tendstobeusedasakindofumbrellatermtolabelcertainphenomenaofdif-
ferencesbetweentheSTandTTwhichseemtobepermissibleintranslation.
(EnglundDimitrova2005:40)
Theseobservationscoincide,alsointermsoftime,withthoseofKlaudyand
Károly(2005),whohavealonghistoryofresearchintoexplicitation(e.g.,Klaudy
1993,1996,1998l2011).Theyrecognisethatexplicitation“infactfunctionsin
translationliteratureasacovertermforanumberofdifferenttransferopera-
tions”(Klaudy&Károly2005:15).Thelackofaclear-cut,unambiguousdefini-
tionisalsoacknowledgedbyKamenická(2008a),whoadmitsthat“theconcept
ofexplicitationhasbeensurroundedbymuchconceptualvagueness”(p.118)
andstresses“theintrinsicdifficultiesinvolvedindelimitingexplicitation”(p.55).
Someresearchers(e.g.,Becher2010)evengoasfarastoquestionthevalidityof
previousresearchonthegroundsoftheallegedlackofadefinitionoftheterm.
However,goingbacktothepreviousresearchonexplicitation,although
obviouslythereisacertaindegreeofconceptualinconsistencyandsomelacu-
nas,wecanseesomeclearlyrecurrentpatternsunderlyingtheconceptthatthe