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GlobalTrendsinCybersecurity
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cialinstitutionsintheUS.Theconclusionisthat“informationsecurityexperts
describedthisattackas‘unprecedentedinscopeandeffectiveness’.”15
AccordingtodateprovidedinanarticlepublishedinSecurityAffairs,North
Koreadoubledthenumberofunitsofitscyberarmy-estimatedtoemploy
approximately6,000peoplein2015.ITisbelievedthatoverseasbasesforhac-
kingattackshadbeenestablishedand“massivetraining(of)itsyoungprodigies
tobecomeprofessionalhackers”istakingplace.“(ł)heNorthKoreancyber
armyhasalreadyhitmanytimestheinfrastructureofSouthKorea,banks,mili-
taryentities,mediaandTVbroadcasterswithmalwareandothersophisticated
techniques.”16
ThesametrendisobservedinbothChinaandRussiawherebigamounts
fromthemilitarybudgetswereallocatedtodevelopandexpandcyber-capabilities.
Itisreportedthattheirspecializedcyberwarfareunitsareresponsibleformany
casesofnetworkdisruption,economicespionageincludingtechnologytheftand
otherkindofcyberattacksagainstgovernmentsandbusinesses.“Russiangovern-
mentofficialshaveannouncedtheyintendtocreateadesignatedmilitaryunit
devotedtopreventingcyber-basedattacksfromdisruptingvitalsystemsdevoted
toRussianmilitaryoperations.”RussianFederationplanstohavethenewunit
fullyoperationalbyend2017.17
Notonlythebiggestinternationalactorsinvestincyberdefense,inMarch
2014Latvianarmyhadhired13cyberguardsaspartofanewlycreatedcyber
defenseunit.
Itisimportanttorememberthatasearlyasina2012duringhispresen-
tationoncybersecurity,then-FBIDirectorRobertMuellersharedhisopinion:
“TerrorismremainstheFBI’stoppriority.Butinthenot-too-distantfuture,we
anticipatethatthecyberthreatwillposethenumberonethreattoourcountry.”
BothtopUSformerofficialsresponsibleforsecurity-USSecretaryofDefense
LeonPanettaanddirectoroftheNSAKeithAlexanderhaverepeatedlywarned
againstafuture“cyberPearlHarbor.”
TheUSDepartmentofDefense’s2014QuadrennialDefensestates“TheJoint
Forcemustalsobepreparedtobattleincreasinglysophisticatedadversarieswho
couldemployadvancedwarfightingcapabilitieswhilesimultaneouslyattempting
15
G.Siboni,S.Kronenfeld,DevelopmentsinIranianCyberWarfare2013-2014,in:Militaryand
StrategicAffairs,Volume6,No.2,August2014,InstituteforNationalSecurityStudies,2014,
p.86.
16
P.Paganini,NorthKoreadoublesunitsofitscyberarmy,http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/26409/
security/north-korea-doubles-units-cyber-army.html,07.07.2014[accessed03.03.2017].
17
RussiaAnnouncesDevelopmentofCyberMilitaryUnit,http://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/
latest-security-news/russia-announces-development-cyberwar-military-unit,04.02.2014[accessed
03.03.2017].
