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WeronikaJakubczak,PawełPruszyński
mentioningfightingitoridentifyingtheauthorsofit.TheattackagainstSony
isjustanexamplethatwasmadepublic(orevenfamous)andtherearemany
similarattacks,someofthempreventedandsomehappeningeveryday.There
isaglobaltrendwheremanyoftheprivateandstateownedcompanieskeepthe
attemptsorconductedbreakinssecretinordertolookasinvincibleandsafeto
makebusinesswithorbuyservicesfrom.Stillthenumberandnatureofdisclosed
attacksmakecybercrimeandcyberespionageascommonlyknown.Theworld
globalizedtolargerextendwitnessesanewemergingtrend-terrorgroupsand
statesactinginmoreandmoresophisticatedwaystotakeadvantageoncyber-
spaceinordertomakeitdangerousandcomplextoprotect.Cyberterrorismand
cyberwarfarearenowadaysakeynationalsecuritythreat.
NATOvsCyberattacks
Beforecyber-ageifacountrywantedtoattackotherithadtomakemuchbigger
effortandanothertypesofactionswererequired-onesconductedusuallywith
powerful,welltrainedandequippedarmyphysicallyinvadingtheterritoryofthe
enemy.Nowthecyberspacecanbealsoconsideredasterritoryofastate.There
aremanydiscussionregardingtheuseofarticle5ofNATOtreaty.Duringthe
InternationalConferenceonCyberConflict(CyCon)NATOofficialsstatedthat
incaseofaseriousandprolongedcyberattackthreateningcriticalmilitaryand
civilianinfrastructureonaNATOmemberstatetherewillbeaproperresponse
underthearticle5providingforaunitedresponsebymemberstatesshouldone
ofthemcomeunderattack.
ForexampleaNATOmemberstateEstoniawasasubjectofnumerouscoor-
dinateddenial-of-serviceattacksin2007.Inresultseveredisruptiontocritical
infrastructureasstateITincludingmilitarynetworkswasobserved.Inparticular
theaforementionedcyberattackaffectedbankonlineplatformsinresultcustomers
couldnotaccesstheiraccountsandwithdrawalmoney.Withrespecttowhat
Estonianintelligenceserviceandmilitaryintelligencehavelearnedthatitis
verylikelythattheaforementionedcyberattackwaslaunchedfromRussiawith
itspotentialsupport.
Brig.Gen.ChristosAthanasiadis,assistantchiefofstaffcyberatNATO’s
SupremeHeadquartersAlliedPowerEuropehighlightedthat“NATOwouldtake
averydifferentandoffensivepostureifacyberattackeventonthescaleofthat
launchedagainstEstoniain2007weretohappennow(ł).Article5existsto
assureallNATOstatesthattheycanrelyonsupportfromfellowmembersshould
theybecomethesubjectofanaggressiveattackthatthreatenstounderminetheir
nationalsecurity.Article5couldbeactivatedincertainsituationsifdeliberately
