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Francescaorestano
QuestorTravel:AMapfromAntiquity
Questortravel?Theaimofthepresentessayistoillustratethenatureof
tworemarkablydifferentrepresentationsoftheUnitedStates,namely
AmericanNotes.ForGeneralCirculation(1842)byCharlesDickens,andNorth
America(1862)byAnthonyTrollope.Atacertainpointintheirlives,thosetwo
eminentVictorianwritersoffictionwrestledwithadiferentgenre,thetravel
book,withresults,Isuggest,thatoferaprismaticviewnotonlyoftheplaces
DickensandTrollopevisitedwithinthecultural-historicalcontextoftheage,
butalsoofthecapabilityofsuchatraditionalgenretoenclose,relateand
illuminatetheresponseofthevisitortothespiritoftheplace.Inasmuchas
theyrevealtheauthors’deeplydivergentattitudes,thesetwobooksabout
theUnitedStatesmaybeviewedaseitheraflquest”orafltravelbook.”
InKindsofLiterature.AnIntroductiontotheTheoryofGenresandModes,
AlastairFowlerremindsusthatflAmbiguityofliterarystatusisconfined
toafewgenres.Especiallylettersandtravelbooks”(11).Inhisstudyof
earlytravelsbetween1500and1720,WilliamH.Shermanincludesfigures
asdiferentaserrantknights,merchants,explorers,colonisers,andremarks
thatflearlymoderntravelwritingwassovariedthatitmaynotevenbe
appropriatetodescribeitasasinglegenre”(30).Travelbooksindeedhadbeen
oferingthekindofliterarydiscoursethatwouldeasilymetamorphoseinto
autobiography,intoletters,intosatire,aswellasintothescientificaccount,
and,lateron,theBaedekergenre.Suchforms,however,despitetheambiguity
thattendedtoconcealtheprimarythemeofthetravelaccount,hadanancient
aristocraticlineage.Thisistheelementthat,eventoday,allowstodraw
adistinctionbetweenquestandtravel.Travelsborderingonthequestmode
couldboastoffamousancestors,suchasHomer’sOdysseyandVergil’sAeneid,
JohnBunyan’sThePilgrim’sProgress(1678),JonathanSwift’sGulliver’sTravels
(1726),butalsorecentclassicslikeFrankLymanBaum’sTheWizardofOz
(1900),J.R.R.Tolkien’sTheHobbit,orThereandBackAgain(1937),Richard
Adams’sWatershipDown(1972).Whatthesetextsshareisthemantraflthereis
noplacelikehome”voicedbyyoungDorothyinBaum’smasterpiecelwhether
itbetheoriginalhomemotivatingthehero’sreturn,ortheattemptatfinding
andfoundinganewhome,beitevenasymboliccountryofthemind.Such
questsinvolveachallenge,andasaresultimplyself-discovery.Toattainanew
homemeanstoaccomplishapersonal,sometimeacollective,goal.Inageneral
wayitcouldbemaintainedthatinqueststhefocusisontheprotagonist,
ratherthanontheterritoryexplored.onthecontrary,intravelbooksthefocus
insistsontheterritory,ratherthanonthetraveller:withalltheexceptionsand
oscillationsdeterminedbyhistory,culturalcontext,fashion.