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Francescaorestano
UniversityofMilan
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2311
CharlesDickens,AnthonyTrollope,
andtheSpiritoftheAmericanPlace
Abstract:AmapoftravelwritingfromantiquitytotheVictorianageopensthis
reflectiononthedistinctionbetweenquestandtravel,astwomodesexisting
withinthesamegenre,whichyetcanharbouravarietyofdiscourses,ranging
fromletterstoautobiography,fromsatireandfantasytothescientificaccountand
theBaedekerstyle.However,despitethemanynarrativemasksadoptedbytravel
writing,andtheessentialambiguityitsliterarydiscoursemayadopt,itcanbe
arguedthatquestandtravelcanstillbeseenasbearingdistinctfeatures,inasmuch
asthepersonalityandthefinalaimsofthetravellerprovideelementsofresponseto
theplacevisitedthatdispeltheambiguityofthegenre.IntheXIXcentury,history,
culture,aestheticsandvisualcultureenhancethetraveller’sresponsetothespiritof
theplace.CharlesDickens’sAmericanNotesandAnthonyTrollope’sNorthAmerica,
respectivelypublishedin1842and1862,whileaccountingforthewriters’experience
intheUnitedStates,areremarkablydissimilar.MycontentionisthatinDickens’s
casethetraveloguetakestheshapeandnatureofaquest:ajourneythathadstarted
underthebestauspicesendedupinbitterdisappointmentasthewriterdidnot
compromisewithlocalnewspapersonhispleaforinternationalcopyright;Dickens’s
Americanexperienceisloadedwithspectralimagesthatmakeitnightmarishand,on
thewhole,unpleasant.ForTrollope,whostartedwiththebestintentionstoprovide
readerswithplentyofinformation,theplaceprovesungraspable,unmanageable,
despitepagesoffiguresandtablesofproducts,prices,values.InTrollope’scase,for
diferentreasons,thespiritoftheplaceinstigatesakindofresponsethatproduces,
insteadofthebestpossibletravelbook,anunwieldydocumentaryaccountof
theUnitedStatesin1862.
Keywords:travelwriting,classics,Victorians,UnitedStates,CharlesDickens,
AnthonyTrollope