Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
ANewStrategyorJustaChangeofTactics?…
thedescriptionofaneffectivestrategyshouldbethatitmusthaveclearand
determinedgoals,servestokeeptheinitiativeofacertaincountrywithin
theinternationalarena,includestheconceptofmeansconcentrationandthe
possibilitytoachieveitsgoals,beflexible,coordinatedandhavecommitted
leadership,includinganelementofsurpriseandanelementofsecurity.9
CorrespondingtoChina’sstrategy,theterm“grandstrategy”isused,which
symbolisestheexclusivenessofexistingfactorscharacteristicofChina,
andbecauseofthat,theycomprisetheso-called“Chinesecharacteristics.”
Accordingtothatunderstanding,China’spower,connectedtoitseconomic
potential,centuries-oldculture,andcivilisationalforce,isgreatenoughto
consideritspresenceontheinternationalarenaasaboveaverage.10Ipso
facto,China’sstrategyisspecialinitskind(alittlebitsimilarthanthe
U.S.),includinginthelongtermoffulfillingChina’sstatusasasuperpower.
However,thespecificactionstoservetheachievementofsuchastrategy
comprisepoliticaltactics,subordinatedtomorefrequentmodificationsand
mademoreflexible.
TheChangeinChina’sForeignPolicy
ManysignalsindicateongoingchangesinChina’sforeignpolicysince
2012.ExpandingeconomicactivitiesbytheChinesestateintermsof
economicdiplomacyanditsgrowingpresenceintryingtosolveinternational
“hotspots”areelementsthatforquiteawhilenowhavedescribedChina’s
policytowardstheglobalcommunity.DuringXi’sfirstterm,thespecific
characteristicsofChina’sactivitiesresultedin,amongothers,quickreactions,
determination,andthevisiblepersonalgrowthoftheleader’sinfluenceon
theinternaldecision-makingprocess.Thecentralisationofpowerled11to
expandingXi’scontroloverforeignpolicy(bothformalandinformal),and
toagreaterextentthanhispredecessors.Thechange,however,wasnot
revolutionary,butevolutionaryincharacter.Itreliedmostlyoninformal
9
H.Mintzeretal.(ed.),TheStrategyProcess:Concepts,Context,Cases,London,2003,
p.489.
10
Formore,see:D.Swaine,A.Tellis,InterpretingChina’sGrandStrategy:Past,Present
andFuture,RAND,2000.
11
Duringthelastfouryears,Xi,inaremarkablealthoughinformalway,hasconcentrated
thedecision-makingprocessaroundhimself.Therewasachangeindecision-making
intheStandingCommittee,wherethesecretarygeneralisdirectlyinvolvedinstrategic
management.Xialsotookleadershipofmanyofthemostimportant,so-calledsmall
leadershipgroupsresponsibleforprovidingpoliticaldirectionin,forexample,economic
reform,foreignaffairsanddigitalisation.
ThePolishQuarterlyofInternationalAffairs,2017,no.3
7
