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ANewStrategyorJustaChangeofTactics?…
Betweenexperts,thereisacommonopinion15aboutChina’sgrowing
assertivenessintheinternationalarenaaspartofapoliticalcampaignwithinthe
“Chinesedream”andcentennialgoals,16twomainpoliticalgoals(including
externalaffairs)duringXi’sfirstterm(althoughthelatterwasborrowedfrom
thefatheroftheChineserepublic,SunYat-sen).Thereisnodoubtthatone
ofthenewdistinctionsofforeignpolicycomparedtoHuJintao’stimewas
thementionedriseinChina’sactivityasasubjectininternationalrelations.
Beforethe201218thPartyCongress,withintheCCPleadershiptherewas
broadconsensusonthenecessitytostimulatepolicythroughnewleadership
inboththeinternalaswellasexternalcontexts,unliketheactionsofthe
previousleadership.Thisresultedmostlyfromananalysisofthedynamics
oftheglobalarena,thecreationofnewconditions,andChina’sneedto
prepareadequateanswerstoitschangingposition.Criticismoftheprevious
leadershiplvisibleinthiscontext,althoughnotpubliclymentioned,
ofcourselisintentionalbutcloselyembeddedintherealpossibilityto
evaluateapredecessor.Thelackofdirectandpublicconnotations(although
indirectonesalsoshowupinpressorpublicstatements)totheachievements
oftheformerpartyleadershipconstituteslinthepartyviewlaconditionto
preserveCCPunityandlegitimiseitspowerwithinsociety.17
China’sforeignpolicyduringHu’stermwasmostlysubordinatedto
keepingahighlevelofeconomicgrowthandgoodresultsforthenation’s
economy.Itwasformulatedandimplementedbasedonconceptscreatedby
Dengandincludedintheso-called“28characters:”“deeplyanalyse,keepthe
position,buildtrust,hideone’sowncapabilities,keepalowprofile,hidethe
leaderposition,achieveprofits.”18Prof.Yan,anadvocateofChina’sactive
15
K.Gilsinan,“ClicheoftheMoment:China’sIncreasingAssertiveness,”TheAtlantic,
25September2015,www.atlantic.com;Ch.Clover,L.Lin,“Chinaforeignpolicy:
Throwingouttherulebook,”FinancialTimes,31August2017,www.ft.com.
16
AtermoriginallyproposedbyXithathestartedtouseinNovember2012rightafterhe
waselectedasCCPsecretarygeneral.ItisapropagandasloganmeanttomobiliseChinese
society,whichshouldproactivelyactonbehalfofrealisingtheirowndreamsonterms
suggestedbytheCCP.The“centennialgoals”areconnectedtothe2021anniversaryof
100yearsoftheChineseCommunistPartyandthe2049anniversaryof100yearsofthe
establishmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,whenthelaststageinChina’sreform
processissupposedtobecompleteandChinesesocietywillreachahigherlevelof
prosperity.
17
XiwasalsoapartoftheformersystemasaformervicechairmanofthePRCandaStanding
Committeemember.
18
Besidesthe“28characters”concept,itwasalsoaboutrefusalofhegemonictendencies,
maintainingworldpeace,andtightcooperationwithdeveloping(thenThirdWorld)
countries.See:M.Pietrasiak,D.Mierzejewski,“Międzywzrastaniemaharmonią-uwagi
ThePolishQuarterlyofInternationalAffairs,2017,no.3
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