The Economic and Security Challenges Facing NATO’s EU Member States

David Clowes

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7252-768-4

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

Rok wydania:

2018

Liczba stron:

153

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Clowes, David. The Economic and Security Challenges Facing NATO’s EU Member States. Red. . : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie, 2018, 153 s. ISBN 978-83-7252-768-4

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Clowes, D.

T1 The Economic and Security Challenges Facing NATO’s EU Member States

PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

YR 2018

SN 978-83-7252-768-4

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 210928, author = "Clowes, David", editor = "", title = "The Economic and Security Challenges Facing NATO’s EU Member States", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie", year = "2018", address = "", isbn = "978-83-7252-768-4" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Clowes, David

ED -

TI - The Economic and Security Challenges Facing NATO’s EU Member States

PB - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

CY -

PY - 2018

SN - 978-83-7252-768-4

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Clowes, David. The Economic and Security Challenges Facing NATO’s EU Member States [baza danych online] : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie, 2018 [dostęp: 07 07 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/the-economic-and-security-challenges-facing-natos-eu-member-states-david-clowes-210928.

Unia Europejska, bezpieczeństwo, NATO

W monografii wskazano główne regiony świata charakteryzujące się brakiem stabilności gospodarczej i politycznej oraz przeprowadzono klasyfikację państw członkowskich NATO ze względu na ponoszone wydatki na obronę. Omówione zostały metody pomiaru s...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7252-768-4

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

Rok wydania:

2018

Liczba stron:

153

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Introduction8
1. SECURITY CHALLENGES AND THE POWER RELATIONSHIP 14
1.1. The Need to Rethink Security Measures – Areas of Regional Instability14
1.2. Changes in World Military Spending – the Position of NATO19
1.3. NATO – Overview of the Alliance and Its Defence Spending22
1.4. Defence Spending and Its Importance – Choice and Impact27
2. THE CLINE FORMULA AND ITS APPLICABILITY 31
2.1. The Measurement of State Power – Selected Applications since the 1950s31
2.2. The Cline Formula – the Approach and the Choice of Indicators34
2.3. Modifications to Cline’s Formula – the Removal of Soft Power Components37
3. APPLICATION OF THE ECONOMIC-MILITARY POWER MODEL AND ITS RESULTS 39
3.1. The Structure of the Model – Components and Variables of a 3 × 2 System39
3.2. The Global Players – Total Power of the Grand Five44
3.3. Total Power Decomposed – Critical Mass, Economic Potential and Military Strength46
3.4. Total and European NATO Power – Contributions and Interpretations49
3.5. The Composition of European NATO Power – Contributions to European Security51
4. MEASURING NATO’S ECONOMIC-MILITARY POWER IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 57
4.1. The 3 × 3 Power Model – Modifications and Initial Results57
4.2. Critical Mass – Population, Country Size and Energy Production64
4.3. Economic Potential – GDP, Investment and Exports65
4.4. Public Spending – Defence, Public Order and Public Services67
5. NATO’S EAST AND WEST FLANKS AND THE TYPES OF SECURITY CHALLENGES AHEAD70
5.1. The Position on NATO’s Western Flank – the Main Players and the Limitations70
5.2. The Share of Defence in GDP – Changes in the West between 2002 and 201372
5.3. Defence Spending on NATO’s Eastern Flank – Comparative Analysis and Implications76
5.4. The Share of Defence in GDP – Changes in the East between 2002 and 201381
5.5. Russian-Ukrainian Security Relations – the Game Changer83
5.6. NATO in the Years Ahead – the EU and an EU Defence Force?87
6. PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF SECURITY THREATS AND AN EVALUATION OF STATE RESPONSES 90
6.1. Concepts of Threats – Geographical and Private90
6.2. The Main Threats to Security in Europe – Regional Comparisons93
6.3. Selected EU State Responses – Future Outlooks96
Conclusion101
Appendices105
Bibliography126
List of Tables137
List of Figures139
Abstract in Polish140
List of Works Published by the Cracow University of Economics in a Special Series of Scientific Papers: Monographs143

Globalisationisalsorevealingtheriseoffuturepowerstates,whichhavein

commonnotableexpenditureontheirmilitary.Theoutlayscanbeattributedto

acountryfeelingthreatenedand/orneedingtobolsteritsmilitarycapabilityfor

defencepurposesaspartofitsoverallprovisionofnationalsecurity.Alternatively,

increasedmilitaryexpenditurecouldbeapartofacountry’slong-termstrategic

planinorderforitbecomemoredominantontheworldstage,influentialand/or

powerful.AccordingtotheStockholmInternationalPeaceResearchInstitute

(SIPRI),twenty-threecountriesdoubledtheirmilitaryspendinginrealterms

duringthiscentury.Thereisnostraightforwardpatternorcorrelationlinking

thesecountriesintermsoftheirdefenceexpenditureortheirmotivations–they

differbysize,development,geographicallocation,economicoutput,incomeand

accesstoresources.

Atagloballevel,whilesomecountrieshavesharplyincreasedmilitary

expenditure,totalspendinginrecentyearshasinfactfallen.Thesereductions

haveoccurredinNorthAmerica,andinsomeofthecountrieslocatedincentral,

easternandwesternEuropeaswellasinOceania.Withtheexceptionofthelatter,

manyofthecountriesfromtheseregionsareNATOmembers.Incontrast,world

militaryexpenditureincreased,especiallyintheworld’smostpopulousmarkets,

ChinaandIndia,aswellasinRussiaandSaudiArabia.TheUnitedStates

currentlyspendmorethananyothercountryonmilitary,accountingfor37%of

theworldtotal,whileChinarankssecond(11%)andRussiathird(5%).TheUnited

Kingdom,France,GermanyandJapanroundoutthelist.Thissuggeststhat,

globally,ashiftinthebalanceofpowertowardstheeastisobservable.

InrespectofEurope,defencespendinginmanyEUMemberStates/NATO

membershasfallenorremainedlowduringaperiodofconflictanddestabilisation

intheeast.Forexample,theRusso-Georgianhybridwar,thefirstofitskind,took

placein2008.In2014,theannexationofCrimeaandthesubsequentconflictin

easternUkrainerevealedsimilarapproachestothiskindofwarfare.Suchinter-

ventionsarecarriedoutwithaviewtodenyingsovereignstatesfrompursuing

theirgoalsofseekingwiderintegrationintothefreeworld.Territorialgains

and/oraccesstoresourcesandmarketsareoftenthemotivationforaggression.

ForEuropeandtheworldasawhole,theUkrainiancasehasnotonlydestabilised

theregionbuthasalsopresentedtheEuropeanUnionandNATOwithchallenges

theywerenotpreparedforontheirEasternFlank.Atthesametime,conflictin

theMiddleEastandNorthAfricahasledtolargeinflowsofmigrantsentering

theEuropeanUnion(EU)fromthesouth.ThemigrationintoEuropeposesdirect

threatstothecontinent’seconomicsecurity,aswellasbeinglinkedandleadingto

terroristattacksinsomeoftheEU’ssouthernandwesternstates.

Thisintroductionhasrevealedthatglobalisation,whilebenefittingnumerous

countrieseconomically,hasnotonlyledtogeopoliticalpowershiftsandincreased

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