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Schupp,2011)andprofessionalspheres(e.g.Harteretal.,2010).AsCierpiałkowska
andSęk(2006)claim,thelastcenturyinpsychologywasatimeofspecialinter-
estandconcernforhumanmentalhealth,andthiswasexpressed,amongother
things,intheconcentrationofempiricalefortsofresearchersonwell-being,which,
accordingtothecurrentdefinitionadoptedbytheWHO,defactoconstitutesthe
ideaofhealth2.
Intheliteratureonmentalwell-being,tworesearchorientationsclearlyemerge:
thehedonisticperspectiveandtheeudaimonisticperspective.Thisdivisionis
takenintoaccountinmostreviewsofthisconcept(includingRyan,Deci,2001;
Trzebińska,2008;Czapiński,2015),anditisalsoreflectedintheresultsofempirical
research,which,basedononeoftwowaysofconceptualizingwell-being,seem
toformalmostdisjointedsets.Meanwhile,thecategorizationintohedonisticand
eudaimonisticwell-being,whichhasitssourceinphilosophy,isnotfullyjustified
onempiricalgrounds.Theresultsofmanypsychologicalstudiesaddressingthe
issueoftheconvergenceofbothapproachestowell-beingindicatenotonlythele-
gitimacy,butalsotheneedtoincludebothhedonisticandeudaimonisticcategories
inthedefinitionofthisconcept.However,thisreflectionseemstobeinsufciently
presentinthescientificspace,wherecurrentpublicationsstilllargelyconsistently
refertoonlyoneofthetwostrandsofresearchonwell-being(e.g.Arslan,2022;
Iyer,Sharma,Sahasrabudhe,2022;Lee-Fong,Daniels,Slifa,2022).Theaimofthis
articleistopresentreportsonthecomplementarityofthehedonisticandeudai-
monisticapproachesindefiningpsychologicalwell-being,andtopresentselected
theoreticalmodelsproposingtheintegrationofbothterms.Inordertoensurethe
clarityoftheargument,thefirstpartcontainsabriefdescriptionofthehedonistic
andeudaimonisticconceptualizationsofwell-beingdominantintheliteratureon
thesubject.
Hedonisticperspective
Thehedonisticperspectiveofwell-beingstemsfromanancientphilosophical
systeminitiatedbyAristippusofCyrene,accordingtowhomthemostimportant
goalofhumanlifeistoexperiencepleasure(Kahneman,Diener,Schwarz,1999).
Well-beinginthehedonisticperspectivehasbeendefinedbypsychologistsas
subjectivewell-being(Diener,1984)andisdefinedasaperson’sgeneralatitude
towardsone’sownlifeinitsvariousareas.Theassessmentoflifeincludesacogni-
tiveandanemotionalcomponent.Thefirstofthemisunderstoodasthedegreeto
whichindividualsassessthelevelofsatisfactionoftheiraspirations,i.e.howmuch
theymanagetoachievewhattheyconsiderimportantinlifeandhowsatisfiedthey
arewiththeirlife.Thesecondrelatestotheextenttowhichanindividual’safective
2
HHealthisastateofcompletephysical,mentalandsocialwell-beingandnotmerely
theabsenceofdiseaseorinfirmity”(WHO,2014,s.1).
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