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Methodsofscreening,culturing,improvementandstorageofmicroorganisms...
diferentbranchesofindustryorenvironmentalprotection,but
theycanalsocauseseriousdamage.Examplesaretheso-called
aceticacidbacteriaofthegeneraAcetobacterandGluconobacter,
usedfortheproductionofaceticacidorsorbose,andconcurrently
posingaseriousthreatintheproductionofwineorbeer.Other
similarexamplesarepresentedinTable1.1.
1020Screeningofmicroorganismsuseful
inmicrobiologicalprocesses
102010Suitabilityofvariousenvironmentsforisolationof
microorganismsusedinindustrialprocesses
Microorganismswithspecificmetaboliccharacteristics
arewidelyusedinmodernbiotechnologicalprocesses.The
mainsourceofmicroorganismsisthenaturalenvironment,
especiallythesoil.Thesoilcontainsbacteria,actinomycetesand
micromycetesthatarecapableofbiosynthesis,decomposition
andbiotransformationofmanycompoundsimportant
forhumans(antibiotics,vitamins,organicacids,steroid
compounds),aswellaseliminationofpollutants,includingtoxic
xenobiotics.Geneticdiversityofsoilmicroorganismscanbean
excellentsourceofstrainswithrecognisedbiotechnological
properties,usedinmoderntechnologies.
Theexplorationofstrainsusefulinindustrialprocesses,
fromlesstypical(extreme)microbialhabitats,e.g.salinewater
reservoirs,watersofpolarandhighmountainlakes,hotsprings,
geysers,etc.shouldalsobeconsidered.
Byisolatingmicroorganismsfromsitespollutedwithxenobiotics,
suchasindustriallandfills,strainscapableofdetoxifyingand
degradingthemcanbeobtained.Mostecologicalnichesareuseful
reservoirsofmicroorganismswithuniqueproperties,oftenvery
valuablefromthebiotechnologicalpointofview.Inparticular,
microorganismscapableofsurvivinginunusual,oftenextreme
conditions(extremophiles),canbeasourceofenzymesusedfor
industrial,therapeutic,scientificpurposes(Table1.2.1).
Thermophiles(organismsadaptedtoliveabove80°C)are
successfullyusedinvariousindustries.Theyareusuallyisolated
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