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EugeniaMandal,AgnieszkaGawor,JacekBuczny
teacher;male:truckdriver,insuranceagent,telephoneinstaller,chemist
andtownmayor(DeauxandLewis,1983;Mandal,2000,Strykowska,
1999).AssuggestedinstudiesbyWilliamsandBest(1982)stereotypes
connectedwithgenderoccurineveryculture,howevertheircontentmay
be,toanarrowextent,diferent,dependingone.g.thesocialclassorage
ofthoseexamined(WilliamsandBest,1982;Mandal,1998).
InPoland,genderstereotypeshavenotbeenasubjectofwiderpsy-
chologicalresearchuntilrecently.Nonetheless,thechangesinsocial,eco-
nomicandpoliticallifeofthecountrytriggeredbyaperiodofpolitical
transformationseemtobemodifyingthewayPolishpeoplethinkabout
men’sandwomen’sparticipationinit.Increasinglymorewomen’sorga-
nizationshaveappeared.Womenstartedclimbinghigherupthecareer
ladder,takingovermoresignificantstateposts.Menarealsobeginning
toundertakeresponsibilitiesotherthantheirusualones,amongothers
thoseconnectedwithawiderinvolvementin,traditionallyassociated
withwomen,housework.
Studies(Vianelloetal.,1990;BestandWilliams,1997)indicate
thatwomeninPoland,aswellasinCanada,ItalyandRomania,are
nowmorefrequentlyworkingoutofhomeandtakingpartinpubliclife.
Thisiswhymenarebecomingmoreengagedinfamilylife.Atthesame
timeyoungpeopleofvariousculturesoftheworldconceptualisemascu-
linegenderroles,includingbothworkingawayfromhomeandactivities
connectedwithfamilyandhousehold(Gibbons,StilesandShkodriani,
1991;Gibbonsetal.,1993).Presumably,thesechangeswillconsequently
leadtoashiftinthestereotypicalperceptionofwomanandman.
Polishstudiesfromthe1990s,conductedbyKuczyńska(1992a,
1992b)showthatthecontentofastereotypeofagenderconnectedwith
traitsisdiferentthanthatestablishedintheAmericanstudiesbyDeaux
andLewis(1983).Intheformerstudies,inthescopeofthefemaletrait
components,thestereotypeisrepresentedbysuchtraitsassensitive,car-
ing,engaginginothers’afairs,gentle,coquettish,lookingafterherap-
pearance,thrifty,havingasenseofaesthetics,querulous.Inthescopeof
maletraitsthestereotypeisrepresentedbythefollowingtraits:dominat-
ing,independent,showingrivalry,success-oriented,belligerent,decisive
arrogant,ingoodphysicalcondition,havingasenseofhumour,persua-
sive,self-confident,self-sufcient,adventurousexperimentingwithsex,
cunning.
Theaimofthestudypresentedherewasanattemptatexamining
thecontentofthestereotypesofmanandwomancurrentlyfunction-
inginPoland,sinceinaperiodofongoingmoralchangesandpolitical
transformationwemayassumethatthesewillundergocertainaltera-
tions.Thedetailedaimofthestudywastolearnthecontentsofthree
