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Artykuły/Articles
guage,reconstructedfromthedataofwholeCorpusPlatonicumand
studiedinconnectionnotonlywithhisconceptionofknowledgebut
alsowithhisontology,isalmostunchartedterritory.Especiallyin
lastthreedecades,whentheacademicstudieshaveintroducednew
perspectivesandnewmethods,thissubjectseemstohavebeenfall-
ingoutoffashion.
Tocommunicatemeanstosaysomethingaboutsomething.To
makecommunicationpossible,acommonsubjectisneeded,which
couldbefixedwithcollectivelyrecognizedobjects.Thisneedisnatu-
ralforthecommunicationprocess,butfirstofall,itisfundamental
andcrucialtoastructureofalanguage.Incognition,asingularex-
perienceislinkedwiththepreviousones,onthebasisofsimilarity
orbycontrasttothem.Tomakesuchlinkingpossible,something
common,orsomethingpermanentisnecessary.Becausecommunica-
tion,language,andperceptiondependonthepresenceofsomething
common,itisobviousthatknowledge—understoodasasetoftrue
statementsontheexperiencedobjects,whicharegiventorecogni-
tion10—hingesonsuchpresenceaswell.
Therefore,becausesomethingcouldbecommonatalinguistic
level,regularincommunicationrealm,oruniforminperceptualper-
spective,somethingisfixedatthelevelofknowledge.Atthelevelof
languageandcommunication,itisanameorawordwhichiscom-
monandfixed;atthelevelofknowledge,itisaterm,anotion,
aconcept,andadefinition.Thepracticeofeverydaycommunication
operatesonthefoundationofuniformmeaning;meanwhile,theas-
sumptionismadethatthereissomethingunchangeableinthereal-
itytomatchthatmeaning.Itisaninalienablehypothesisthatthe
specificimageorthoughtinindividualreasoningmediatesbetween
thesetwobi-poles.Thewronglyconstructedorill-fittedsentence
makescommunicationimpossibleandunderminestheconceptof
knowledge.Thewrongperceptionorpoorlyexecutedreceptionweak-
ensthenotionofrecognizablereality.Thatiswhy,itisimportantto
avoidfalsehoodnotonlyinstatementsbutalsoinimpressions.That
isthereasontoavoidnamesexistingwithouttheirobjectsand
thoughtswhichgrasponlynothingness.
PlatoinhisSophisttookintoconsiderationParmenides’thought
onthetermsoftruerecognition,whichare:“neverletthisthought
cal,butalsointhetheoreticalexaminations.See,forexample,U.Eco:Semioticsand
thePhilosophyofLanguage.Bloomington(Indiana)1986.
10InPlato’sTheaetetus,onecanfindseveralattemptsatdefiningknowledge,but
thequotedoneisalsopresent.
