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flFoliaPhilosophica”.Vol.36,pp.9—27
Katowice2016
ISSN2353-9445(online)
ISSN1231-0913(print)
AnnaOlejarczyk
TheSourceofNotions
Plato’sConceptionofLanguage
inthePerspectiveofHisOntology
Abstract:Inthepaper,IarguefortheimportanceofholisticapproachtoCorpus
PlatonicumandsuchreadingofitwhichleadstothecoherentmodelofPlato’son-
tologyandepistemologyconnectedwithhisconceptionoflanguage.Thestarting
pointofmydraftof,asIassume,much-neededinvestigation,istheanalysisof
Cratylusandtheoryoftruthdependentonpropernames.Thenextstepistaking
underconsiderationPlato’squotationfromHesiod,whichleadstothedistinctionbe-
tweentwowaysofsubstantiatingstatementsgivenbyHesiodinhistwodidacticpo-
ems.Therightnamedoesnothavetobegivenbygods,nordoesitbelongtothe
ancientorder,evensooldastheGoldenAge.Instead,ithastobelongtothenatural
order,whichmakeseverythingthatexiststobeasawhole.Hence,itcouldbecre-
ated,itcouldbegivenbylawgiversorotherswhounderstandthesevalidconnec-
tions,forexample,byanhonestsophistoratrueartisanoftechne
–basilike—the
philosopher.Accordingly,thepropernameisthefruitofhardworking;ittakesalot
ofinvestigationtofindone.ThisconclusionleadstotheanalysisofPlato’smethodol-
ogyofproperinvestigationthatconnectsdialecticswiththegeometricalapproach:
themethodofexposingthepropermeasure.Plato’sepistemologyconsistsinseveral
(possiblyseven,asitisshowninRepublic)levelsofperceivingtheworld,and
bi-polarityofOneandManyiscrucialforhisontology;hence,thereareafew
sourcesofnotions.But,asIargue,phantasiagivesonlyfalseandworthlessno-
tions,eikasiaisthesourceofpracticalones,andnoesissolelycreatesthetrue,
proper,andessentialnotion.Thenotioncreatedbynoesisisconnectedwithevery
othernotion,withotherforms,andthingsinthepropermeasures.
Keywords:Plato,ontology,epistemology,theoryoflanguage,name,notion,image
