Flexible forms of employment in view of unemployment problems in middle age

Małgorzata Dobrowolska

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-233-3090-5

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Rok wydania:

2011

Liczba stron:

187

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Dobrowolska, Małgorzata. Flexible forms of employment in view of unemployment problems in middle age. Red. . Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2011, 187 s. ISBN 978-83-233-3090-5

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Dobrowolska, M.

T1 Flexible forms of employment in view of unemployment problems in middle age

PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

PP Kraków

YR 2011

SN 978-83-233-3090-5

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 40868, author = "Dobrowolska, Małgorzata", editor = "", title = "Flexible forms of employment in view of unemployment problems in middle age", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego", year = "2011", address = "Kraków", isbn = "978-83-233-3090-5" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Dobrowolska, Małgorzata

ED -

TI - Flexible forms of employment in view of unemployment problems in middle age

PB - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

CY - Kraków

PY - 2011

SN - 978-83-233-3090-5

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Dobrowolska, Małgorzata. Flexible forms of employment in view of unemployment problems in middle age [baza danych online] Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2011 [dostęp: 07 07 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/flexible-forms-of-employment-in-view-of-unemployment-problems-in-malgorzata-dobrowolska-40868.

employment, unemployment, human development, job satisfaction, flexible forms of employment

e-ISBN: 978-83-233-8495-3

Flexible forms of employment have been presented in the book as one of key instruments in fighting unemployment. Although negative voices are raised about objective treatment of an employee, the lack of social secu...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-233-3090-5

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

Rok wydania:

2011

Liczba stron:

187

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

1. Introduction7
2. The psychology of human development in late adulthood9
2.1. Changes in psycho-physical development9
2.2. Changes in psycho-social development12
3. Work and unemployment in an ageing society19
3.1. The role of work in human life20
3.2. Employment and careers of late adulthood25
3.3. Success and failure in the fl exible labour market30
4. Diagnosis of the situation of the unemployed over fi fty – the analysis of the research fi ndings33
4.1. Reasons of the 50+ for searching for a job36
4.1.1. The role of social support in unemployment40
4.1.2. The contents of psychological contract characterising the unemployed 50+55
4.2. Potential professional activity of the 50+ in fl exible forms of employment63
4.2.1. Satisfaction of the job in people over 5077
4.2.2. Psychological costs of the unemployed over 5089
4.2.3. Perception of personal assets by the unemployed 50+93
4.2.4. Psychological dimension of fl exibility in people over 5095
4.2.5. Attitudes towards work of people over fi fty102
4.2.6. Assertiveness as a basic social competence of people over 50105
4.2.7. The sense of self-effi cacy in people 50+117
5. Presentation of the results of selected psychological measures121
5.1. Psychological costs and demographic variables121
5.2. Perception of self-effi cacy and demographic variables124
5.3. Personal fl exibility and demographic variables128
5.4. Attitudes towards work and demographic variables131
5.5. Assertive skills and demographic variables136
5.6. Job satisfaction and demographic variables139
5.7. Relation between personal fl exibility and psychological costs143
5.8. Relation between personal fl exibility and perception of self-effi cacy147
5.9. Relation between personal fl exibility and a skill of assertive behaviour151
5.10. Relation between personal fl exibility and job satisfaction154
5.11. Relation between the perception of self-effi cacy and assertive skills158
6. Practical implications for preparing a strategy of solving social problems of professional integration of people in late adulthood163
7. Conclusion169
Bibliography171
Abstract (Polish)183
Abstract (English)185

2.Thepsychologyofhumandevelopmentinlateadulthood

(arthritis,heartdiseases,tumours,etc.)(Rahmanetal.,1994).However,

mainillnessesinthisperiodoflifeareheartdiseases(coronaryheartdis-

ease)andtumours(cancer).

•Changesinthepsyche.Amidlifecrisisraisesmanycontroversies.Itschara-

cteristicsisapartoftheoriesofmanyfamousresearchers,forexample

CarlJung(1978)orLevinson(1978),whoclaimedthatitappearsatthe

contactwithtypicalformidlifedevelopmentaltasks:awarenessofone’s

ownmortality,acknowledgmentofone’sowndeﬁcienciesandthehigher

riskoffallingillaswellaschangesinthemajorityofsocialroles,which

isdifﬁcultinpeopleofthisage.Amidlifecrisisoftenoccursaftercrossing

themidlifewhichisﬁxedattheageof40.Crisisexperiencesmayconcern

theevaluationofaccomplishmentsofthepreviousperiodsandplansfor

thefuturefromtheperspectiveofself-realisation.Apersonconsiderswhat

heorshehasobtainedincomparisontowhatcouldhavebeenobtainedand

analyseshowtoeliminatediscrepancies.Theendofadulthood,according

toSzewczuk(1962),isconnectedwithregressiveexpansionwhichmani-

festsitselfingraduallymorevisibleageing.

•Cognitivefunctioninginmidlife.Themajoritymaintainsorsometimesim-

provesresultsintheirabilitytoperformeverydaytasksorfocusedstudying.

Theyhavewidevocabularyandgoodproblem-solvingabilities.However,

intasksrequiringpromptness,orunusedoruntrainedskills,thedeclension

ofeffectivenesscanbenoted.Alongwithageing,certainthoughtprocesses

becomeslower(Salthouse,1991a).

Oneofrecognisedresearchersworkingonquestionsunderconsidera-

tion(Schaie,1983)reachedimportantconclusions.Hetooktheposition

thatbeforesixtytherecannotbereallyindicatedanyrecurrent,age-related

changesinpsychomotorabilities,whereasattheageofseventy-fourthedi-

minishingofallabilitiescanbenoted.Thebestexampleismemorywhich

remainsstableorlimitedtoasmallextent,whileinthelaterdecadesoflife

itsefﬁciencyislargelydependableonexercisesinearlierperiods(Cohen,

Faulkner,1989;Howe,1988).

Otherinterestingissuesarecreativethinking,solvingproblemsandthe

abilitytoworkcreativelyinmidlife.Curiouslyenough,themajorityofcrea-

tiveproductsaremadebythemiddle-aged(Horner,Rushton,Vernon,1986;

Simonton,1988),withsomepersonalexceptions,likee.g.Einstein.Howev-

er,recognisedresearchersandtheirworksofartandproductsareaspeciﬁc

example,whereasunderourconsiderationthereisalabourmarketforpeo-

plewithprimaryorsecondaryeducationandnoteminentpersonalitiesand

careerspursuedinthelaterage.Therefore,toavoidgroundlessness,Iwill

citeawell-knownexperimentconductedonteamsconsistingofaverage

managersofpublicandprivatesectorswhosetaskwastomakedecisions.

Theﬁrstteamconsistedofpeoplebetween25and35,thesecond–people

inmidlife(45–55)andthethirdone–peoplebetween65and75.

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Flexible forms of employment in view of unemployment problems in middle age

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