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Introduction
29
OrlykisprobablyaheroalsoinBelarus,asonecanlearnfromthestudy
IмяП.л.паОрл.каубеларускайг.сторы..
2
Teauthorpointsoutthatthe
BelarusianCulturalFoundation,withthesupportoftheStateCommittee
forScienceandTechnology,launchedtheprogramme“ReturnofNames”
inthe1990s.(„Вяртанне.мёнаў”).AmongthoseborninBelarus,Pylyp
OrlykisdescribedasaUkrainianstatesmananda“polyglot,historian,
theologian,politician,poet,publicist”
3
.Researchersseeparallelsbetween
Orlyk’s1710Constitutionandoneofthemostprominentinthehistoryof
Belarus,theStatuteoftheGrandDuchyofLithuaniaof1588,whichwas
considered“themostadvancedcodeinEuropeatthattime.”
4
OrestSubtelnydescribedtheactionsoftheMazepistsalongthelines
oftheuprisingsoftheEasternEuropeannobilityintheearly18
th
century:
LikeRákóczi
5
,Cantemir
6
,Patkul
7
andLeszczyński
8
intheirhomecountries,Mazepa
andOrlykledthestruggleoftheUkrainianeliteagainstforeignabsolutism;inthis
case,againstwhatMoscowwastryingtointroduceinUkraine.Teirresistance
toPetertheFirst’scentralisingreformswasbasedonthebeliefthatthesereforms
violatedtheTreatyofPereyaslavof1654,whichUkrainiansbelievedguaranteed
theirself-governance.Sincethiswasacenturyinwhichanattackonthecountry’s
autonomymeantinpracticeacurtailmentofthepoliticalrightsandprivilegesof
theelite,thedesireofMazepa,Orlykandtheofcerstosecuretheirinterestswas
closelyintertwinedwithconcernforthewelfareandgeneralwilloftheir“beloved
homeland,Ukraine.”Tecombinationofpragmatismandaltruismistypicalof
aristocraticpatriotisminthe17
th
-18
th
centuries.Tispatriotismhadamuchmore
concrete,asonemightsay,moreorganicbasisthantheromanticnationalismof
the19
th
and20
th
centuries.
9
2
n.Cобале;а,IмяП.л.паОрл.каўбеларускайг.сторы.,in:ПилипОрлик-гетьман
.авторпершо{конституц.{Укра{ни,ed.Г.Kалюжна,n.IсMнсbкMй,М.нсbк2006,pp.73-77.
3Ibidem,p.77.
4Ibidem,p.74.
5
FrancisIIRákóczi(1676-1735)-between1703and1711heledagreatuprising
againsttheHabsburgmonarchy.AlongwiththeHungarians,theGermans,Romaniansand
UkrainianstookanactivepartintheRákócziwarforthefreedomofHungary.
6DimitrieCantemir(1673-1723)-hospodarofMoldavia,scientist,humanist,writer.
In1708herebelledwiththeboyarsofhiscountryagainsttheOttomansultan.
7JanReinholdvonPatkul(1660-1707)wasaLivonianpolitician,activeinSwedish,
SaxonandRussianservice,ledthemovementoftheLivoniannobilityagainstSwedish
absolutism.SentencedtodeathbyCharlesXIIfortreason.
8StanisławLeszczyński(1677-1766)-kingofPolandin1704-1709and1735-1736.
9
o.CубтелbнMй,Мазепинц..Укра{нськийсепаратизмнапочаткуXVIIIст.,trans.
fromEnglishВ.KулMк,KM.;2019,p.153.
