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CONTENTS
Foreword...........................................................................11
Introduction........................................................................13
Chapterone:Sourcesandresourcesforthestudyofoleoculture
inRomanandByzantineSyria–Palestine........................................21
1.1RecentscholarshiponoliveoilproductionintheGreco-RomanMediterranean..................21
1.1.1Agronomists,inventorsandtravelers............................................21
1.1.2Newdiscoveries,newperspectives..............................................23
1.1.3ReviewofoliveoilproductionintheGreco-RomanMediterranean....................25
1.1.3.1Africa............................................................25
1.1.3.2Tripolitania.......................................................26
1.1.3.3AfricaProconsularis.................................................27
1.1.3.4NumidiaandMauretania............................................29
Generalcharacteristics...............................................31
1.1.3.5BaeticaandTarraconensis.............................................32
1.1.3.6GalliaNarbonensis..................................................32
1.1.3.7Italy.............................................................33
1.1.3.8Balkans..........................................................34
1.1.3.9Greece...........................................................34
1.1.3.10Crete............................................................35
1.1.3.11AsiaMinor........................................................36
1.1.3.12Cyprus..........................................................38
1.1.3.13Egypt...........................................................39
1.1.3.14TowardsacomprehensiveviewofoliveoilproductionintheGreco-Roman
Mediterranean.....................................................41
1.2SituatingevidenceforoliveoilproductionintheSyro-Palestiniancontext.......................42
1.2.1Writtenevidence...........................................................42
1.2.1.1Roman,ByzantineandearlyIslamicsources...............................42
Generalworksconcerningolivetreecultivationandoliveoilproduction...........42
1.2.2SourcesdirectlyreferringtoSyria–Palestine.......................................46
1.2.2.1BeforetheGreeksandRomans.........................................46
EblaandUgarit.....................................................46
Bible.............................................................47
1.2.2.2Greek,Latin,Hebrew,Aramaic,SyriacandArabic
sourcesfromthe1stmillenniumAD.....................................47
Historiesandgeographies.............................................48
Livesofillustriousmen...............................................49
Libanius’sOrations..................................................49
Farmingmanuals....................................................50
Legaltexts.........................................................50
JewishsourcesfromtheMishnahandTalmudperiod........................51
1.2.3Papyrologicalandepigraphicsources............................................51
1.2.3.1Papyri............................................................52
2.1.3.2Epigraphy.........................................................53
1.3Archaeologicalevidence.............................................................56
1.3.1Excavationsandsurveys......................................................59
1.3.2Ceramiccontainers.........................................................61
1.3.3Iconography..............................................................61
1.3.4Ecofactsandcontributionofenvironmentalanalysis................................62
