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22
TadeuszKałużny
noticearemarkabledevelopmentoftheLutherandoctrineconcerning
thematter.K.Barth,forexample,seesmarriageasalivingsignofthe
covenantwithGodalthoughhedoesnotconsideritasasalvificevent
—heonlyperceivesitsimageinit.10Atthesametime,J.vonAllmenis
inclinedtobelievethat,inthelightoftheclassicaltextofEph5:21—32,
onecanregardmarriageasmysteriumandsacramentinasimilarway
asonecanregardChristandChurchassacrament.11Althoughsuch
attemptsatreinterpretingthePauliniantextwhichareundertakenby
contemporaryProtestanttheologiansdonotmeanclearacknowledge-
mentofthesacramentalcharacterofmaritalbond,onecanconsider
themasanattemptatincludingthisrealityinthedynamismofthe
historyofsalvation.12
Attheendoftheday
,thecontemporaryEvangelicaltheology
,though
rejectingthesacramentalcharacterofmatrimony
,doesnotdenythatit
hascertain“sacramentalstructure.”So,marriageisnota“secularthing”
strictlyspeaking.Sometheologiansareevenpronetoacknowledgeits
sacramentalcharacterprovided,however,thatoneacceptsthescholastic
distinctionbetweenthemajorsacraments(sacramentamaiora),entailing
baptismandtheEucharist,andminorsacraments(sacramentaminora),
entailingtherestoftheCatholicsacraments.13
However,thefactthatLutherregardsmarriageasapartoftheorder
ofcreation,andnotofgraceandsalvation,hasdefiniteimplications.
WhiletheCatholictheologyrecognizesmarriageitselfasasacrament,
thatis,anefectivesignbestowinggrace,theEvangelicaltraditionper-
ceivesmarriageasanearthlycommunityofpersonsorientedtoGod’s
wordandsacramentwhichsanctifypeople.
14
AccordingtoLuther,mar-
riageasalife’srelationshipandinstitutiondoesnotmediateinsanctifi-
cationandsalvation.Husbandandwifeobtaingraceandlife,firstofall,
10Cf.K.BaRtH:DieKirchlicheDogmatik,Vol.III/4.Zürich,1945,p.241;L.ScHeff-
czyk:“LadottrinadelmatrimoniodiKarlBarthsottol’aspettoecumenico.”In:IDeM:
Ecumenismo.Larapidaviadellaverità.Roma2007,pp.193—225.
11Cf.J.vONAllMeN:“Marisetfemmesd’aprèssaintPaul.”Cahiersthéologiques29
(1951):61.
12
Cf.C.RycHlIckI:Sakramentalnycharakterprzymierzamałżeńskiego.Studium
teologiczno-dogmatyczne.Płock1997,pp.278—280.
13
Cf.J.DUss-vONWeRDt:“Teologiadelmatrimonio.Ilcaratteresacramentaledel
matrimonio.”In:J.FeINeR,M.LöHReR(eds.):MysteriumSalutis,Vol.VIII.Brescia1975,
p.575;P.HOlc:“Małżeństwo…,”p.81;F.COURtH:Isacramenti.Untrattatoperlostudio
eperlaprassi.Brescia1999,p.466.
14“ACatholicbelieves—writesFr.AlfonsSkowronek—thatitisthroughmarriage
thatoneisgrantedgraceandbecomessanctifiedtogetherwithone’sspousewhereasan
Evangelicalbelievesthatitisthroughwordandsacramentthatonereceivesgrace—not
throughbutinmarriage.”A.SkOwRONek:“Dwieteologie…,”p.71.
