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16
VÍCTORMÍNGUEZ
adornadodeHistoriasyLetrerosyEpitaphiosenprosayversolatino(Valladolid:
porFranciscoFernándezdeCórdova,1559),illustratedwiththepainting
ofCharlesV)sburialmound.Teiconographicprogrammewasdesigned
byJuanCristóbalCalvetedelaEstrellahimself,whilethecatafalquewas
designedandbuiltbyFranciscodeSalamanca;itsiconographyshowed
thetriumphofDeath,butitalsohighlightedtheemperor)svirtuesand
theimmortalityandfameheachieved;theimperialemblemscrownedthe
architecture.TethirdfestivemilestoneinthefuneralritesofCharlesV,
andthemostrelevantduetoitsarchitecturalandiconographicnovelties,
takesustoAmerica.FranciscoCervantesdeSalazar,discipleofLuisVives
andprofessorofrhetoricsattheRoyalUniversityofMexico,published
TúmuloimperialdelagranciudaddeMéxico(México:porAntoniodeEspino-
sa,1560)(Fig.1.4).Onlyoneengravingillustratesthischronicle-theone
ofthecatafalque-butitdescribesthehieroglyphsthatdecorateditand
thatwereinfuencedby,amongothersources,thecanonicalworksofthe
emblematicEmblematumLibellusbyAndreaAlciato(Augsburg:Heinrich
Steiner,1531).11Amongitsveryinterestingimages,itisworthhighlight-
ingthoseinwhichCharlesVhimselfappeared-sometimeswithHernán
Cortésortheindigenouspeople-duetotheirideologicalinterest,asthey
oleredrecreationsofthepowerofgreaticonographicstrength,inwhich
theclassicpastandthesymboliccultureshonewithgreatintensity,for
thefrsttimeinAmerica.Regardingthecatafalque,italsohighlightsthe
earlyassimilationofRenaissanceartintheMexicancourt,andwasbuilt
byClaudiodeArciniega,thearchitectfromBiscay.
ItwasnotbychancethatthefrstseriesofhieroglyphsfromMa-
dridreproducedinpaintingscomprisedthenarrationofaJesuitfestiv-
ity.Fromthebeginning,theSocietyofJesus,foundedinParisin1534
andrecognisedbyPopePaulIIIon27thofSeptember,1540,usedimages
ingeneral,andemblemsinparticular,witheducationalandexemplary
purposes,creatingaspecifcpersuasiverhetoricwithagreatcommuni-
cativeimpactaroundthem.TefrstJesuitfathersarrivedattheVallad-
olidcourtin1545.Fromthebeginning,theyhadthesupportofrelevant
membersoftheCastiliannobilityandimperialfamily,suchasprincess
Joanna,daughterofCharlesV,marriedtotheheirofPortugal,regent
11
SantiagoSebastiAnLópez,Iconografíaeiconologíadelartenovohispano(México:
GrupoAzabache,1992),pp.140-142.
