Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
AnnaAdamus-Matuszyńska,GrzegorzPolok
goals(pragmatismandutilitarianisminpursuit
ofmoralgood)communicatingisnecessary,asit
istheimmanentfeatureofhumancommunities.
b.
Norms:(1)theco-responsibilityofthesender
andthereceiverforthecommunicatingprocess
inordertoensurethepossibilityofmaintaining
thecommunicationcommunity(Borowicz-
Sierocka,2016,p.195);(2)co-operation
betweenthesenderandthereceiver,because
withoutthatthereisnooptiontoimplement
thecommunicatingprocess;(3)engagement
ofthesenderandthereceiver,withoutwhich
itisnotpossibletoformanyrelationship
betweenthem.
Publicinstitutions:characteristics
andfunctions
Publicinstitutionsareorganisations,operating
inalegallyregulatedpublicspace,theprimary
taskofwhichistoprotectthepublicinterest.
UnderPolishlawtheyareequatedwithpublic
organisationssuchas:governmentadministration
authorities,statecontrolandlegalprotection
authorities,courts,prosecutor’sofficeorganisational
units,localgovernmententitiesandtheirbodies,
budgetaryentities,localgovernmentbudgetary
institutions,targetfunds,healthcarecentres,
theNationalHealthFund,andotherstateorlocal
governmentlegalentities.Theiractivityprimarily
consistsofofferingandprovidingsocialservices.
Socialservicescanbedefinedinmanyways.For
thepurposesoftheanalysis,thetermpresentedby
Szarfenbergisadopted,whichemphasisesthatthose
areservicesofferedbythestateviawelfarebenefits
(monetary,materialandservice-based)meeting
theneedsofpeople,contributingtotheirwell-being
andlevellingoutdifferences(Szarfenberg,2011).
Socialservicesareprovidedbyvariousentities,
includingsocialinstitutions,whichaddresssocial
problemsinthisway(Grewiński,2013,p.29).
Thereforepublicinstitutionsprovidingspecific
servicesservespecificfunctions(Grewiński,
2013,p.31):
a.
theysatisfythevitalneedsofpeople,primarily
oftheweakergroupsinthesociety;
b.theyensureprotectionagainstvariousthreats
andcrises;
c.theysupportfamilies;
d.theyprotecthumanrights;
e.
theyintegratethemembersofthepopulation;
f.theycombatexpressionsofdiscrimination.
Alltasksperformedbypublicinstitutions
resultfromgoalswhicharetobeachievedandare
basedonrulesofco-operationestablishedearlier.
Tomasello,continuinghisconsiderationsregarding
theco-operationbetweenpeople,states,with
referencetonumerousstudiesandexperiments,
thatpeoplehadtodevelopinstitutionalpractices
coveringpublicsocialnormsanddetermining
thescopeofresponsibilitiesofindividualsocial
roles(Tomasello,2002,p.64).Peopleliveinan
institutionalandculturalworld,whichtheyhave
createdthemselves.Theyusetwomainnorms:co-
operation(includingmoralnorms)andadjustment
(includingconstitutiveprinciples).Tomasello’s
furtherconsiderationsshowhowimportantnorms
areinthefunctioningofsocieties.Heemphasises
thatthestrengthofnormsderivesfromthemutually
recognisedcorrelationandreactiontosetbacks
(Tomasello,2002,p.88).Thesocialpracticeson
whichpeopleco-operateinordertoachievegoals
createsmutualexpectationswhichinturnleadto
subjectivelynormativejudgments.
Takingintoconsiderationtheabove-mentioned
taskswhichareexpectedtobeperformedbypublic
institutions,specificvaluesandethicalnorms
thatresultfromthemcanbeindicated.Therefore
theoverarchingvalueswillbesolidarity,family,
humanrights,integrity,equality,humandignity
andresponsibility.Theethicalnormsresulting
fromthefunctionofpublicinstitutionswillbe
asfollows:subsidiarity,protectionoftheweak
againstthreats,supportfortheweak,support
forfamilies,protectionofthoseinneed,social
integrityandactiveparticipationinsociallife
throughtheresolutionofproblemswhichoccur.
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ZarządzaniePubliczne/PublicGovernance2(48)/2019
