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Introduction
examineasingleeventandthenthewayseventscontributetothewholestory
coherence.Atthelevelofeventstheinvestigationinvolvesfocusingonevent
participants,perspectiveorpointofview,whereasatthelevelofnarrativesithas
towithlinguisticandnon-linguisticcontextandwithrelationsthatholdbetween
theconstituentevents.
ThepointofdepartureinGiuliaFelappi’scontributionistheobservation
thattheso-calledface-valuetheoryofpropositionalattitudesentencesisfrequent-
lyendorsedwithoutevenquestioningtheplausibilityofitstenets.Therelevant
theoryassumesthatpropositionalattitudepredicatesthatoccurinpropositional
attitudesentencesdesignaterelations(RP),thatthat-clausesaresingularterms
(ST),andthatthat-clausesdenotepropositions(P).Felappiattemptstodefeatal-
ternativesforwhatisatstakewiththeses(RP)and(ST).Sheconcludesthatwhile
thesethesescannotbeproventrueandthealternativesdonotnecessarilyfail,
endorsingthetwothesesallowsallthediflerentdatatobeaccountedforinamore
elegantandeasierway.Thus,itappearsthatthereissomeface-valueinthetheses
andanapproachthatendorsesthemistobepreferredtothealternatives.
DariuszGłuchinvestigatesthesemanticsoftwoJapanesemodalsofepis-
temicnecessity:hazuandnichigainai.Theanalysisdemonstratesthat,whileboth
expressionsareofthesametypeandforce,theydiflerintheirsemantics.While
hazuseemstobeamodalconveyingcertaintybasedoncrediblepremises,ni
chigainaiislooselyconnectedwithpremises,andtendstobeusedasamod-
alexpressingstrongbelief.Theauthorarguesforthetreatmentofthelatteras
amodalofpossibilitythattakesashapeofnecessityonthesurfacelevel.Interms
ofKratzerianorderingsource,hazuinvolvespropositionswhichinthespeaker’s
opinionprovetheutterancetobeacceptedasnecessary,whereasnichigainaihas
todowithpropositionsandbeliefsthatamplifythespeaker’sbelieforsurprise
ratherthansupportthetruthfulnessofconclusion.
AndreiMoldovanarguesthatthereferential-attributivedistinctionconcerning
definitedescriptionsisofminorrelevancetotruth-conditionalsemantics,althoughit
isofgreatersemanticsignificancetoaframeworkofstructuredpropositions.Based
ontheassumptionsthatreferentialusesofdefinitedescriptionsaresemantically
relevant,andthatthethesisofReferentialism(asproposedbyDevitt(2007)and
Reimer(1998))iscorrect,oneshouldbeabletoidentifythetruth-conditionaldata
thatshowsthatReferentialismispreferabletothealternatives.However,itturns
outthatsuchdataisnotreadilyavailable.Instead,itistheclassicalRussellianand
Fregeantheoriesthatcaneasilyaccountfortherelevantdata.
WiktorPskit’sstudyisconcernedwithsyntacticandsemanticproperties
ofNPN(e.g.daybyday)structures.Basedonapresentationofcharacteristics
ofEnglishNPNsindescriptiveterms,thepaperconductsasurveyofearlier
linguisticandphilosophicalstudiesontheseexpressions.Itattemptstopointout
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