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postpartumhaemorrhage.Fiveofthemweresavedthankstothisprocedure.
Duringtheseexperimentsthenumerousofalarmingsymptomswerenotedbe-
ingaguidelinetostopthetransfusion,symptomssuchas:anxiety,trembling
hands,vomitingandstomachache.
AnextraordinarydiscoveryinthefieldofhaematologywasmadebyKarl
Landsteinerwhodistinguishedthreegroupsofbloodin1901,forwhichhe
wasawardedtheNobelPrizein1930[Tabara,2011].Furthermore,in1940to-
getherwithAlexanderWienerhediscoveredtheRhfactor.LudwikHirszfeld
(1884-1954)wasalsoconductingtheresearchintobloodgroupswithinthe
years1907-1911.Atthattimehediscoveredtheprinciplesofbloodgroups
inheritingandintroducedlabellingwithsymbols0,A,BandAB,whichhas
beenappliedinthewholeworldsince1928.HealsodeterminedtheRhfac-
toranddiscoveredthecauseofserologicalconflict,whichsavedthelivesof
manynewborns[Kozuschek,2005].
ManycasesofbloodtransfusionweredocumentedduringWorldWarI.
Afterthewartheresearchintobloodanditspreservationwasconductedonly
intheSovietUnion.In1926theInstituteofBloodTransfusioninMoscow
wasopened,andafewyearslatertheBloodServicewasformedtotakeac-
tionsintheterritoryoftheSovietUnion.Theblooddonorsweregivengreat
respectandcare.Inothercountriestheworkonbloodpreservationbeganafter
1945[Warzocha,2011].
ThefirstCentresofBloodTransfusioninPolandwereformedwithinthe
years1935-1936.In1935theInstituteofBloodTransfusionandPreservation
withBloodDonationCentre,attachedtothePolishRedCrossHospitalwas
openedinWarsaw.AyearlatertheCentralEmergencyStationwithBlood
TransfusionCentrewasformedinŁódź.Withinthefirstyearsboththesecen-
treshadbeendealingwithestablishingtheprinciplesandbasisofhealingwith
bloodandmakingthempopular.InthelastyearbeforeWorldWarIIbrokeout
threebloodtransfusioncentreshadbeenperforminginPoland.Theyhadap-
proximatelyonethousandofregularblooddonors.Thedemandforbloodgrew
rapidlyduringthewar.Voluntaryblooddonorsstartedcomingforwardinlarge
numbersandthefirstdonorsweretheorderliesandnurses.Massspontaneous
andselflessparticipationinthisactivityduringtheWarsawUprising,should
beconsideredastheoneofthemostbeautifulperiodsofthePolishRedCross
history,particularlytheparticipationofthewomenandyouth.Thefirstblood
transfusioncentrewasformedduringthewarinMarch1945inŁódź.Atvery
beginningLudwikHirszfeldwasinitscharge.ThreeyearsafterWorldWarII
therewerealreadyeightblooddonationcentresperforminginPoland,attended
byatleast1000regulardonors,whoweregiventhepaymentfordonatedblood.
Inreferencetothatfact,thefirstlegislativeactregulatingtheso-calledblood
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