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serviceswasenactedon7thNovember1948,andthePolishRedCrosswasput
inchargeofblooddonationactivities.By1950,14blooddonationcentres,at-
tendedby6500donors,hadbeenformed.AyearlatertheHaematologyInstitute
wasestablishedinWarsawtodealwithblooddiseasesandhaemotherapy,as
wellasbloodpreservationandpreparation.Withinthefirstyearsitwasinvolved
insystematizationandstandardizationofhaemotherapyprinciplesandforming
newpostsofbloodservice.TheInstitutealsocarriedoutprofessionaltraining
coursesfortheresearchers,laboratoryassistantsandtechnicians.
Thehighdevelopmentoftransfusionmedicinewasespeciallyintensive
inthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.Therewerethefactorsthatcontributed
toit,asfollows:
a)findingoutthetechniqueofisolatingspecificbloodcells,whichallo-
wedtheirusedependingonpatients’needs;
b)workingoutthemethodsoffractionatingbloodplasma,thanksto
whichalbumin,immunoglobulinsandclottingfactorconcentratesare
obtained;
c)comingintousethedisposableplastickitsforcollecting,preparing,
storingandtransfusionofbloodanditscomponents;
d)usingmodernso-calledcellseparators,whichletcollectthespecific
bloodcomponentssuchasplateletsorbloodplasmadirectlyfromdo-
nors;
e)applyinggeneticengineeringmethodstoproduceclottingfactorcon-
centrates;
f)introducingmodernmethodsoftestingbloodanditspreparationto
eliminatesomeoftherisksassociatedwithtransfusion.
Voluntaryblooddonation,withnomaterialbenefitsfordonating,wases-
tablishedin1958.Disposablebloodcollectionkitswereintroduced.Blood
collecting,storingandprocessingwerealreadybeinghandledbyspecialized
staffandtheentireenterprisewasunderMinisterofHealth’scontrol.
Intheseventiesofthe20thcenturythesafetyofblooddonorsandreci-
pientswasmuchhigherduetothevirologicalmarkertests.Moreoverin1973
awide-spreadprogrammeforRhconflictpreventionwithanti-Dimmunoglo-
bulinwasintroduced.Itmadepossibletoeliminatetheproblemofhaemolytic
diseaseofthenewborns.
Thebreakthroughinbloodcollectiontookplacein1992,whenthecen-
treswereequippedwithseparatorsforplasmacollecting.ThePlasmapheresis
andCellSeparationLaboratorywasformedaswell.AyearlatertheNational
Self-SufficiencyProgrammeofPolandforplasmaderivativepreparationswas
established.Inactivatedpreparationsofalbumins,immunoglobulinsandfac-
torVIIIfromdonatedplasmawereintroducedintothehealthcare.In1994
