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ELŻBIETAWIECZÓR
likesbeinguniqueascomparedwithothers.Therefore,oneshouldrespect
achild’sindividualfeaturesandpreferences.
Three-andfour-yearoldsstarttocontroltheirbehavior.Theybeginto
beindependentwhileplayingagameandliketohaveachoice.Theywant
todomoreandmorethingsontheirownaswellashelptheirteacherin
akindergartenandtheirparentsathome.Learningnewthingsrequires
timeandcomplicatedorabstractconceptsmaybedifficulttounderstand.
Achildshouldstarttolearnaboutsimpleandconcretedependencies.
Childrenatthisageplayinadifferentwaythanoldergroups-they
onlytrytotakeonsocialrolesandgettoknowoneanother.Achildlearns
tokeephis/herpromisesgiveninakindergarten.Abouttheageof4or5
achildfeelsasenseofconnectionwithotherchildren-thisisthedevelop-
mentaldesiretobewithothers.Preschoolchildren’sowninterestcollides
withtheinterestsofsocialgroups.Theymakesomedecisionsbecauseofthe
needforcontrol.Achildveryoftentriestodecideorconstantlychanges
his/hermind.Wecanhelpachildbyshowinghim/herpossibleconse-
quencesandreducingthenumberofoptions-butweshouldleavethe
choicetothechild.
Athree-orfour-yearoldchildisveryimpatientbuthe/shedevelops
theabilitytoexpectcertainoutcomes.Achildtriestohavesomethingto
strivefor,andwaitsforsuccessandpraise.Itisverydifficultforhim/herto
rememberaboutbansimposedbyadults,butsolidandconsistentrepetition
ofwhatachildshoulddo,forexample,goaroundpuddles,helpshim/her
learnthemostimportantprinciples.Achildhastroubleunderstanding
commandsthataretoogeneralandfeelsmuchbetterinaworldwhererules
areclearandnottoocomplicated.Achildwouldliketohaverulesinakin-
dergartenthatwouldbesimilartothoseathome.Apreschoolcanhelp
childrencomplywithwhattheyhavelearnedfromtheirparents.
Everysituationisagreatopportunityforlearning.Achildwillbehappy
toaskquestionsandwillevenmoreeagerlylookforanswers.Achildcan-
notexplain,whenasked,whyhe/shedidaparticularthingbuthe/shere-
membersthingswhichareimportanttohim/herandwhicharepleasant.
Childrendistinguishtheirtoysfromthetoysofothers,haveimagination,
dreamthingsupandseeinvisibleforms.Thereisnoboundarybetween
fairytales,fantasyandalie.Parentsdonotoftenkeepupwithhowachild
changes.Childrenbecomemoreobservantandcancounttohighernumbers
althoughtheydonothaveapropersenseoftimeyet.Theydohavesome
senseoftimebutonlywithrespecttoregularevents.
Achildlearnsincreasinglymoreaboutspaceandspatialrelations,for
example,isabletoarrangebuildingblocks.Achilddevelopsfineandgross
motorskills;also,lateralizationoccurs.Theproperdevelopmentoffine
