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experiencesarepleasurableandgratifying,thatis,howgoodheorsheusuallyfeels
(Diener,2012).Subjectivewell-beingasapsychologicalconstructincludesthree
components:(1)cognitiveassessmentoflifesatisfaction;(2)experiencingpositive
afect;(3)nonegativeafect(Diener,1984;Diener,Lucas,1999;Ryan,Deci,2001).The
secondandthirdfactorsrelatedtothebalanceofemotionalexperiencesareaddi-
tionallyreferredtointheliteratureasemotionalwell-being(Kahneman,Deaton,
2010;Czapiński,2015).Thethree-factormodelofsubjectivewell-beingisthemost
frequentlyadoptedmethodofoperationalizingthisconstructinresearch(Busseri,
Sadava,2011;Disabatoetal.,2016).
Itisworthnotingthattheleadingrepresentativeofthistrend–theAmerican
psychologistEdDiener–clearlyindicatedthatwhenreflectingonsubjective
well-being,oneshouldnotsuccumbtosimpleevaluation.Thehedonisticvision
ofhappinessmayseemrelativelysimple,relatedonlytotheexperienceofphysical
pleasureandexcitement.Infact,however,thisperspectivegoesfarbeyondbodily
sensationsandsimpleentertainment,andpositiveafectandsatisfactionwithlife,
duetothefactthattheyappearasaresultofachievinggoalsimportantfortheindi-
vidual,mayinfactindicatewhataperson’saspirationsareaimedat(Diener,Fujita,
1995;Diener,Sapyta,Suh,1998).
Tosumup,thehedonistictrendisassociatedwiththeconceptofsubjective
well-being,whichisdefinedbytheincreaseinlifesatisfactionandpositiveemo-
tionalbalance.
Eudaimonisticperspective
Inresearchonwell-beingconductedinthequantitativeparadigm,thehedonis-
ticapproachwasformedintheverybeginningandremaineddominant(Czapiński,
2015).Nolessimportantandclearlypresentintheliteratureonthesubjectisthe
secondwayofunderstandingthementalwell-beingofman,whichassumesthat
weshouldnotreduceitonlytopleasure,butthathumansaresatisfiedwiththeir
livesandthatitgivesthemmorejoythansufering,doesnotnecessarilymean
happinessandfulfillment.Theeudaimonistictrendinpsychologicalresearchon
well-beingcomesfromthephilosophicalsystemsrepresentedbyAristotleandthe
Stoics,whoclearlydeniedreducinghumanhappinesstoemotionalexperiences
andcriticizedthehedonisticvisionofmanasaslavetosensorypleasures(Ryf,
Singer,2008;Czapiński,2015).Forthesupportersofthesecondwayofperceiving
well-being,intheliteraturereferredtoaseudaimonisticwell-being(Waterman,
1993),themeasureofhappinessistheachievementofvaluablegoals,asenseof
meaninginlife,agoodandauthenticlife,andnotnecessarilypleasantatthesame
time(Czapiński,2015).
Theeudaimonistictraditioninwell-beingresearchisrepresentedbyseveral
researchers.Onerepresentativeofthistrend,amongothers,isMartinSeligman,
whoistheinitiatorofthecreationofpositivepsychologyandthefounderofthe
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