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ChapterI◆THECONSTITUTIONALFOUNDATIONSOFTHEREPUBLICOFPOLAND’S…
isachievedbyadoptinganactontheprinciplessetoutinArt.31para.3ofthe
Constitution.Therefore,thebodyauthorisedtoissueanordinancecannot
independentlyestablishlimitationsonindividualrightsandfreedomswithout
thespecificauthorisationcontainedintheAct.
Individualrightsandfreedomscanonlybelimitedinthesubstantive
aspectinoneofthesixvalueslistedintheprovisionfoundinArt.31para.3of
theConstitution.Rightsandfreedomsmaybelimitedinademocraticstateon
thegroundsofitssecurity,publicorder,theenvironment,publichealth,public
morality,andthefreedomsandrightsofothers.Restrictionsmadeinthisway
mustcomplywiththeprincipleofproportionality,andtheymaynotviolatethe
essenceoftherightsandliberties.
Oneofthereasonsforrestrictingrightsandfreedomsistheprotection
ofpublichealth.Therefore,legislativeinterventionregardingindividual
rightsandlibertiesisclearlyjustifiedifinfectiousdiseasesoccuronamassive
scale-evenmoresoifastateofepidemicemergencyisdeclared.The
admissibilityofintroducingrestrictionsonindividualrightsandfreedoms
duringanepidemicalsoresultsfromArt.68para.4oftheConstitution.In
thisprovision,thelegislatorimposesanobligationonpublicauthoritiesto
combatepidemicdiseasesandpreventtheadverseeffectsofenvironmental
degradationonhealth.
Theobligationtocombatepidemicdiseasesispartoftheindividual’s
constitutionalrighttoprotecttheirhealth.Art.68oftheConstitutionofthe
RepublicofPolandguaranteestheestablishmentofhealthcareaccessibleto
all,explicitlytargetedatthoseinneedandsupportedbyappropriate,
multifacetedprevention37.Healthprotectioncanbeensuredthroughthe
properperformanceofvarioustasksbycompetentpublicauthorities.These
aretaskscoveringboththeprovisionofhealthcare(conceptuallyclosely
relatedtotheprovisionofsuchcareservices)andthepromotionofhealthy
lifestyles(relatingtothepromotionofphysicalcultureimportantfromthis
pointofview)andfinally,theeliminationofhealthhazards-especially
concerningtheobligationofcombatingepidemicdiseases.
37K.Prokop,Prawodoochronyzdrowiawświetleart.68KonstytucjiRP,[in:]Uwarunkowania
prawne,ekonomiczneisocjologicznefunkcjonowaniawybranychsystemówochronyzdrowia,
ed.T.Mróz,Temida2,Białystok2011,p.36.
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