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1.Corporateperformancemeasurementandmanagement...
1.2.Theessenceandmeaning
oftheterm"corporateperformance”
Inordertodefinetheterm"corporateperformance”itisworthreferringtovarious
beliefsandopinionspresentedbytheauthorsworldwide.Inthemanagementacco-
untingliteraturetherearemanyattemptstodefinethisterm.AccordingtoA.Bour-
guignon[2004,p.661-662]performanceisperceivedastherealizationoforganiza-
tionalgoals,whatevertheirnumberandcontent.Sincerealizationisanambiguous
worddesignatingeitheractionor,morenarrowly,itsresult,thisdefinitionrecognizes
thatperformanceissometimesaresult(likein‘performancemeasurement’)ora
process,thusencompassingmeansandresults.
D.Otleyexpressesaverysimilaropinionandstatesthatitisrecognizedthat
‘performance’itselfisanambiguousterm,andcapableofnosimpledefinition.In
particular,thetermdoesnotspecifytowhomtheorganizationisdeliveringits
‘performance’.Heclaimsthatweshouldbeginatanorganizationallevelofanalysis
andheassumesthatanorganizationthatisperformingwellisonethatissuccessfully
attainingitsobjectives;inotherterms,onethatiseffectivelyimplementingan
appropriatestrategy.Finallyhewritesthatitwillbecomeapparentthatmoreattention
willneedtobepaidtothedefinitionofperformancefromtheperspectivesof
relevantstakeholders[Otley1999,p.364].
M.J.EpsteinandJ.F
.Manzoni[Performance...2004,p.xiii]refertocorporate
performancebydescribinghighperformanceorganizations.Usuallysuch
organizationsseemtohavestrongfinancialresults,satisfiedcustomersandemployees,
highlevelsofindividualinitiative,productivity,andinnovation.Theyalsotalkin
theirmonographhowhighperformanceisachievedincludingmission,vision,
alignedperformancemeasurementandrewardsystems,andstrongleadership.
M.J.Lebas[1995a,p.29]putsanemphasisonthenotionthatperformanceis
aboutdeployingandmanagingwellthecomponentsofthecasualmodelthatleadto
thetimelyattainmentofstatedobjectiveswithinconstraintsspecifictothecompany
andtothesituation.Inthiscontextperformanceiscasespecificanddecision-maker
specific.Intheotherpaperheaddsthattheterm"performance”doesnotexistsin
onemeaning,butshouldbeconsideredanddefinedbyinformationuserswith
respecttothecontextinwhichacompanyoperatestakingintoaccounttimescope
[Lebas1995b,p.68].
Tobecomparedwithsomeothercategoriessuchas:economy,efficiency,and
effectivenessthistermneedsbetterexplanationoftheessenceofcorporate
performance.Itisessentialinordertoavoidmisunderstandingsandfalse
interpretations.AccordingtoCharteredInstituteofManagementAccountantsitis
possibletoofferthefollowingdefinitions[CIMAOfficial…,2005,p.48]: