Treść książki

Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
KRISTINEKHOURI
RASHASALTI
TRANSNATIONALSOLIDARITYNETWORKSAND
SPECULATIVEHISTORIES:1960s–1980s
PredicamentsandRiddles
S
aboutthesocialhistoryofartandmodernityintheArabworld.Thisresearchprojectbeganthatsameyear,
hortlyafterwemetin2008,wedecidedtojoineffortsasresearchersandwriters,exploringsharedquestions
whenwecameuponthecatalogofthe
InternationalArtExhibitionforPalestine
inthelibraryofanartgallery
inBeirut.1Wepickeditoffashelf,perusedit,andweredumbfounded.Wehadneverheardofanexhibition
ofthisscaleandleveleverhavingtakenplaceintheArabworld,letaloneinBeirut.Thecatalogseemedlike
amysterioustreasure.Weborrowedit,scannedit,poredoverit.
The
InternationalArtExhibitionforPalestine
wasorganizedbythePlasticArtsSectionofthePalestine
LiberationOrganization’s(PLO)UnifiedInformationOffice,andwaspresentedin1978,inthebasementhall
oftheBeirutArabUniversity(BAU).Thecatalog[FIG.1]isincolor;bilingual(ArabicandEnglish);andincludes
alistofparticipatingartists(179individualsandonecollective)organizedbynationality(30);reproductions
ofartworksincludedintheexhibition(197);twoquotes,oneattributedtoYasserArafat,andanothertoItalian
artistEnnioCalabria;twotexts,thefirstauthoredbyMonaSaudi,theheadofthePlasticArtsSection,andthe
secondbyChileanartistRobertoMatta;severalbriefmessagesofsupportandsolidarityfromartists’
associationsandpoliticalorganizations;andalistofpeopleandinstitutionsthankedfortheircontributions.2
This1978BeirutexhibitionwasnotthePLO’ssoleexploitinthesphereofartsandculture,butitwas
certainlyitsmostambitious.ThePlasticArtsSection,3aswellastheDepartmentofArtsandNationalCulture,
weremandatedtocommission,fund,andpromotetheproductionofposters,art,cinema,theater,dance,
music,andpublications;toorganize,preserve,andexhibitfolkloreandculturaltraditions;andtogalvanize
internationalsupportforthePalestinianstruggleintheworldofartsandculture.Between1978and1980,
exhibitionsoftraditionalfolkart(costume,embroidery,andcrafts)touredtwelvecountries,mostlyinEurope,
toshowcasetheheritageofthenation.4ThePLO’sforemostchallengewastocommunicateasense
ofpeoplehoodandpoliticalagencytoaconstituencyscatteredacrossterritories—inrefugeecampsinIraq,
Jordan,Lebanon,andSyria;intheWestBankandGazaunderIsraelioccupation;andthroughoutthediaspora.
AnotherchallengewastomobilizeinternationalpublicsympathiesaroundthelegitimacyofthePLO’scause,
andtohighlighttheurgencyoflendingitsupport.Themosteffectivemeansofcounteringthetraumaofthe
dispersalofthePalestinianpeoplewastosafeguardtheiridentitythroughcultureandthearts.Ifhouseswere
usurped,therecordofhavinghadahomewouldremainaliveinpoemandsong;ifthelandwasremovedfrom
sightbydistance,itsdepictionwouldretainitsvisibilityinmyriadforms.Throughthecreativityofartists,poets,
filmmakers,musicians,andwriters,therepresentationofPalestiniansashaplessrefugeessurviving
onhandoutswastransformed,makingthemdignified,steadfastfighterstakingchargeoftheirowndestiny.
Postersweretheforemosttoolforthedisseminationofimageandnarrative:lightweight,relativelycheap,quick
toproduce,theycouldreachacrosssocialclasses,cities,andcountries.ThePlasticArtsSectionreproduced
artworksonposters,postcards,calendars,andholidaycardsthatwerecirculatedwidely.Moreover,theUnion
ofPalestinianArtists(UPA)establishedDaral-Karameh,anexhibitionspaceinBeirutthatpresentedwork
byPalestinian,Arab,andinternationalartists.AlsopartoftheUnifiedInformationOffice,thePalestineFilmUnit
producedfilmsdedicatedtothePalestinianstruggle,documentedeverydaylifeinthecamps,andassisted
internationalfilmmakersinterestedinthePalestiniancause.
WewereintriguedbyaphraseinSaudi’stextthatclaimedtheartworksintheexhibitionhadallbeen
donated5tothePLO;thatthecollectionconstituted“thenucleusofthe‘MuseumofSolidaritywithPalestine’”;
andthattheplanwasto“pushforwardtheideaofestablishingthismuseumandputupaninternational
committee,includingartists,aswellasotherfriends,soastoputtheideaintoaction.”6Saudi,aJordanianartist
whowaswholeheartedlyengagedinthePalestinianstruggle,headedthePlasticArtsSection,whichwas
responsibleforundertakingtheexhibition.Weinterviewedher,aswedidotherartists,artcritics,and
intellectualswholivedinBeirutatthetimeofthe
InternationalArtExhibitionforPalestine
,andwhowere
engagedinonewayoranotherwiththePLOorthePalestiniancause.Wewereinterestedinreconstitutingthe
storyofhowthisexhibitionhappened,andthecontextinwhichittookplace.