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2.Definitionoftheterm“ephemerophyte”
andcriteriaforclassifying
aspeciesintothisgroupofplants
Theterm“ephemerophyte”canbeconsideredfromthepointofviewof
bothplantecologyandphytogeography.Usedasanecologicalterm(STRZAŁKO
2006),ephemerophytesaretheplantsofashortlife-cyclewhichcanbedivided
into:
–ephemeroids–widespreadmainlyindryzones(indeserts,grasslands)
which,undercertainunfavourableconditions,loseover-groundpartsand
survivethatperiodintheformofrhizomes,tubersorbulbs;
–ephemerids–growingmainlyingrasslandsanddeserts,andwaitingoutun-
favourableweatherconditionsintheformofseedswhichcanquicklygermi-
nateunderthefavourableconditionsandcompletethewholedevelopment
cycle.
Inphytogeographytheterm“ephemerophyte”isusedtodistinguishspecies
ofalienoriginwhichhaveoccasionallybeenbroughtto,andappeartemporarily
in,thefloraofagivencountryorarea.
AccordingtoSłownikzzakresusynantropizacjiszatyroślinnej[Dictionary
oftermsusedinthefieldofthesynanthropisationofvegetationcover]
(SUDNIK-WÓJCIKOWSKA,KOŹNIEWSKA1988)ephemerophytesarespeciesofalien
originbroughttoagivenareafromfardistanceswithoutconscioushumanpar-
ticipation,notestablishedpermanentlyandeliminatedmainlybyunfavourable
climaticconditions.
Inthepresentpaperthefollowingcriteriahavebeenusedtoassignspecies
tothegroupofephemerophytes:
–Aspeciesofalienorigin(anthropophyte).
–AspeciesisnotpermanentlyestablishedinPoland(usuallysurvivingfor
oneseasononly;possiblylongerastheresultofthearrivalofnewdiasporas
orduetovegetativereproduction).
–Itisbroughtfromfardistances(atleastseveralhundredsofkilometers).
–Itappearswithoutconscious(intentional)humanparticipation.
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