Treść książki

Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
AgnieszkaGierczycka-Bednarek,AdamWasiołka
InnovationastheideaforEurope
Themodernmodelofdevelopmentconsistsofthreedeterminants:
globalisation,competitivenessandinnovation.Inanyeconomyundergoing
globalisation,apartfromthecapitalandhumanresources,theabilitytocollect
andprocessknowledgeandinformationbecomesanotherormaybeeventhe
dominantkeytosuccess.Knowledge,entrepreneurshipandinnovationbecome
moreimportant.Thelevelofthosedeterminantshasanimpactonthedirection
ofinnovation.ThefirsttheoryoninnovationwasintroducedbyJ.Schumpeter
andwasrelatedtothecapitalisteconomyofthebeginningofthe20
thcentury.
Themainrolewasplayedbythreefactorsofproduction:land,capitaland
labour.Asresultoftheevolutionofscienceanditsinteractionwiththe
economy(especiallyindustry),sciencehasbecomeanindividualfactorof
production.Inthemiddleofthe20
thcenturyfurtherevolutionanddiffusionof
knowledgeaswellasresearchresultshavebecomeanevenmoreimportant
factorofproductionthanaccumulationofassets.Inthebeginningofthe21
st
centuryknowledgeandinnovationwereintroducedasthemaindeterminants
ofgrowthandeconomicdevelopmentputtingacompletelydifferentlighton
theeconomy.Theeraofknowledge,innovationandtechnologyhasbegun.The
innovationrace,whichchangedtheimageofmarketcompetition,stilllasts.
Themodelofeconomicgrowth,wherecompetitiveadvantagewasbasedon
thereductionofthecostoflabourwilldisappearinthefuture.Itistheability
totakefulladvantageofknowledgeandinnovationthatarebecoming
increasinglyimportantandkeyfactorsdeterminingsustainabledevelopment
andthelevelofcompetitivenessofacountryintheinternationalarena
1.
Innovationisunderstoodwidelyasitreferstothephenomenonof"beneficiary
change”bothinthetechnologicalaspect(newproductorimprovedproduct),
organizationalaspect(management)orinstitutionalaspect(changeofnorms
andpractices).Theroleofinnovationincontemporaryeconomyjustifiesits
characteristicsasknowledge-intensiveinoppositiontothepreviousresource-
intensiveapproach
2.Adoptionoftheabovetheorylaidfoundationforthe
creationofknowledgebasedeconomy,i.e.basedonproduction,distribution
andtheuseofknowledge
3.Aknowledgebasedeconomyissuchaneconomy
where"organizationsandpeoplegain,create,spreadanduseknowledgein
suchawaythatisthemostefficientforthesocialandeconomic
1
W.Gonciarski,Zarządzaniezasobamiludzkimi,WAT,Warszawa2002,p.43.
2
P.Tamowicz,S.Szultka,Innowacyjnagospodarkanaprzekórstereotypom.In:Międzynaukąagospo-
darkąkontynuacjaczyreforma?NiebieskieKsięgiPFSL,IBnGR,Gdańsk2005,p.25
3
A.Kukliński,Gospodarkaopartanawiedzy.WyzwaniadlaPolskiXXIwieku,KBN,Warszawa2001,p.98.
14