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Localactorsandlocaldevelopment.ThecaseofPoland
3.Localactivityandeffectsforlocaldevelopment–casestudy
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Inpracticetheformingoflocalsystemsorthecooperationoflocalactors,maytake
aformal(e.g.clusters)oraninformalform.Theycanbedividedintothoseinitiated
bylocalauthorities,andthoseformedbylocalcommunities,non-governmental
organizationsoranotherleader.Asanexampleofactivitiescontributingtolocal
development,wecouldusetheexampleofacompanylocatedinthesmalltownof
Wieruszów(whichchangedthesocio-economicsituationofthistownandinfluenced
thedirectionofitsdevelopment)andNGOs(asadrivingforcetoinitiatepositive
changesinasmalllocality).
ThefirstcaseconcernsacompanycalledZakładPłytWiórowych-ZPW
(acompanyproducingMDFboards)foundedin1974,locatedinWieruszów,which
canserveasaninterestingexampleofanenterprisewhich,throughitsactivities,
contributedtotheappearanceofmanysmallbusinessesrelatedtothesamesector
inthelocalmarket.Theprocessofbuildingthefactorydirectlycontributedtothe
localdevelopmentinthisterritory.In1958,thecityhadapopulationofabout
4.5thousandinhabitants,in1979ca.6.5thousand,andin1991itreached8.3thousand
inhabitants.Inthe1970stherewasaparticularlyhighdynamicofpopulation-
anaverageannualincreaseofabout190inhabitants,andinthe1980sabout150
peopleperyear.
Withtheinflowofpeople(mostlyyoungpeoplearound25-30yearsold)tothe
citytheinfrastructuredeveloped[Studiumuwarunkowań…2012,p.61].Theinflux
ofpopulationbeganintheearly1970sandwaslinkedtotheconstructionofthe
factory,which,withtimeemployedabout1000employees.
Thefactorywasdevelopingandnewinitiativesappeared(thedepartment
ofMDFlaminatedboardswasopened,theproductionofartificialveneerandedge
worktopsappeared),whichwasassociatedwithafurtherneedtohirespecialists.The
ZPWfactoryinfluencedtheinflowofhumancapital:technicalengineersofvarious
industriessuchaswoodtechnologyindustryprofessionals,electricians,process
automationengineers.
AsaresultofZPWoperatinginWieruszów,newfacilitiesandobjectsofsocial
infrastructure:e.g.thecompanyhousingestate,culturalcenterandakindergarten
werecreated.Inthecitynewteachingprofilesinthetechnicalandvocational
schoolwerealsocreated.Theeconomicinfrastructureofthecitywasalsobeing
systematicallyimproved.Anewrailwaystation,amunicipalsewagesystem,asewage
treatmentplantandsewagecollectorswerebuilt.Intheperiodoftheeconomic
transformation,intheareaofWieruszówalotofsmallcarpentrycompanieswereset
upasaresultofZPW,thechipboardmarketleader,appearing.ZPWwasthebasisfor
thedevelopmentofenterprisesinthefurnituresector.Alotofthemstillexisttoday
aspopularfurniturefactoriesinPolandandabroad.ZPWenabledthemtoaccess
newtechnologyandmachinesandtolearnaproductionprocess.Thefactorymade
itpossibletoacquirenewskillsandqualifications-mostimportantly,ZPWwas
