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Chapter1
PROFESSIONALIZATION
asadevelOpMeNtdirectiON
OfNGOs
JoannaSchmidt
Introduction
Teprofessionalizationanddevelopmentofnon-governmentalorgani-
zations(NGOs)isatopicalissue,especiallyinthecontextofthecurrent
changesinthesectorandchallengestheyface.Variousstakeholdersfo-
cusonsupportingtheprocessofprofessionalizingorganizations,trying
toincreasetheirindependenceandeńectivenessinthisway(Domański,
2010).Ontheotherhand,itisindicatedthatthisprocessmaythreaten
organizationsoperatinginanamateurmanner,basedontheinvolve-
mentofvolunteersandgrassrootsactivitiesclosetothelocalcommu-
nity(Banks,etal.,2015).Tesetwotendencies,i.e.professionalization
andbottom-up,voluntaryactivities,aresometimesputinopposition
toeachother(Zihnioğlu,2019),butontheotherhand,itisindicated
thatundercertainconditionstheycansupporteachother(Gliński,
2006).Tisdiscussionistakingplaceinmanycountries,representing
dińerentapproaches,havingdińerentexperiencesandadińerentlyde-
velopednon-governmentalsectorandcivilsociety,whichofenleadsto
contradictoryresults(cf.e.g.Cummings,2008;Zihnioğlu,2019).Tis
discussionontheroleofprofessionalizationisrelatedtoitsrelevance
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