Treść książki
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Rozdział1
WPŁYWKRYZYSUEKONOMICZNEGONAROZWÓJEKONOMICZNY
andIreland(1500euros).InLuxembourgrecyclingsubsidywasgrantedtillthe
endofJune,2010.InRomaniathisstateprogramonlyhasbegun.
Meanwhiletwootherlargeautoproducingpowers–ChinaandJapan–al-
mostdidnotgrantfinancialsupporttocarindustry.Chinesegovernmentdidn’t
usedirectsubsidizingofmotor-carmanufacturers.Anyway,ithasdirected
10billionyuans(1.5billiondollars)forcarindustrysupport:halfofitwassub-
sidiestofarmersforautoparkupdating,anotherpart–fordecreasingtaxeson
purchasingofsmallcarsandonproperty.Alsothereweresomemeasuresonre-
ductionoffuelprices,statepurchases,permissionsforcreditingcarspurchaseat
anycost(earlier–onlyforcarsmoreexpensivethan35thousandyuans).Soitis
notcoincidencethatforeigncompanies,includingToyota,VolkswagenandNis-
san,increasedproductioncapacityandsalesforecastsforChinesemarket,taking
intoconsiderationpossibleriseofdemand.TheAmericancompanyGeneralMo-
tors,whichjointventureisthelargestmanufacturerofcarsinChina,isgoingto
increasesalesofcarsinChinafrom2millionin2010to3millionby2015.
IntheUnitedStatescarmarketdecreasedsignificantly,crisishasforced
«TheBigThree»inDetroitaskforhelpfromthegovernment.Tensofblnsdol-
larswereallocatedfromthefederalbudgettoChryslerandGeneralMotorsdur-
ingthepresidencyofG.Bush.ButthenewadministrationofWhitehouselet
concernstobecomebankruptandstartedtheprogramofmarketsupportnamed
«CashforClunkers»,similartotheGermanone.Itstartedon23
rdofJulyand
hasworkedonlyforonemonth.Conditionswereprettytough:theownershould
usethecarfornotlessthan1year,thecarisnotolderthan25years,andfuel
consumptionatleast25milespergallon.Inconditionsofpurchasingofmore
«cleaner»cartheownercouldreceiveadiscountfrom2.5thousanddollarsto
4.5thousanddollars(dependingonecologicalcharacteristicsofthenewcar).
Foronemonththeprogramwasinpower,almost700thousandAmericanspar-
ticipatedinit.Thegovernmentspent2.9billiondollars,butthecarindustryre-
ceivedmuchmore.
Russianversionofanti-crisissupportforautoindustry.Intheanti-
recessionaryprogramoftheRussiangovernmentin2009itwasnoticedthatcri-
sisisnotanoccasiontorefusefromlong-termprioritiesofthecountrymoderni-
sation.Maintaskformodernisation–changeoftheeconomicgrowthmodel:in-
steadofbasedon«oil»weshouldpasstoinnovativegrowth.Therelianceofthe
stateismadeonstimulationofdemandasarestorationbasis(thestateinvest-
mentsandthestatepurchases),butinprocessofstabilisationprivatedemand
(forhouses,consumergoods,domesticproductionservices)willplaythein-
creasingrole.
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