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wasshapedintoademocraticstategovernedbytheruleoflaw.
Thiswasacomplexprocessthatwasnotconcludeduntilthe
newConstitutionwasadoptedin1997;however,thepreviously
mentionedDecemberamendmentof1989,1whichwascritical
inthatitreplacedtheprincipleoftheruleoflawandotherprin-
ciplescharacteristicoftheso-calledpeople’sdemocracywith
theprincipleofthedemocraticruleoflaw.AdamJamrózindi-
catesthatintroducingthisprovision,whichbecamethequin-
tessenceofsystemicchangeinPoland,decisivelyreinvigorated
thediscussionaboutthecontentofthisconcept(Jamróz,1993,
p.66).Therecanbenodoubt,asBogusławBanaszakemphasizes,
theintroductionofthisprinciplewasinspiredprimarilybythe
achievementsoftheGermandoctrineofconstitutionallaw(Ba-
naszak,2012,p.172).Hence,examinationsofdemocraticruleof
lawmustbedonetakingtheseachievementsintoconsideration,
whichisreectedintherulingsoftheConstitutionalCourtfrom
thefirsthalfofthe1990s.
DuringworkonthenewConstitutiongeneralagreementpre-
vailedregardingthenecessitytomaintaintheprinciplesofthe
democraticstategovernedbytheruleoflawasthefoundation
forthePolishpoliticalsystem.Nearlyalloftheprojectsthatthe
ZgromadzenieNarodowe(NationalAssembly)workedoncon-
tainedthisprinciple.ThelackofitwasnotedonlyinaSenate
project,althoughitdidcontain,inprinciple,alloftheelements
thatcompriseit,andtheKonfederacjaPolskiNiepodległej(Con-
federationofanIndependentPoland)projectwascreatedbased
ontotallydifierentsystemicprinciples(Zakrzewska,1994,p.96).
Furtherparliamentaryworkleftnodoubtthatthisprovisionwill
beakindofunderlyingprincipleofthenew,basiclegislation.
Article2ofthefinalConstitutionof1997literallyrepeatsthecon-
stitutionalprovisionintroducedbytheDecemberamendment
of1989.Onecanconcludethatthisprovisionremainsoneofthe
foundationsuponwhichreststhepoliticalsystemoftheRzecz-
pospolitaPolska(RepublicofPoland).AstheTrybunałKonstytu-
1Actof29December1989onamendingtheConstitutionofthePeo-
ple’sRepublicofPoland(JournalofLawsNo.75,item444).
16
CONSTITUTIONALLAW
