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emblemappearstobethearmedMinerva;returntothissquare,to
which,inthehappytimesofKingJanKazimierz,thegreatPolish
heroesoftheseventeenthcenturywouldcome,wheretheheroesof
recenttimes,menworthyofRome,receivedtheireducation,where
KościuszkoandNiemcewiczstudied.31
ItisworthnotingthatMinerva,whoasthegoddessofwis-
domhadalreadyappearedontheUniversity’sfirstmedal,struckto
commemorateitsinauguration,inthisorationisseenasanarmedand
warlikedeity.Brodziński,likeNiemcewicz,whomhementionedinthis
address,believedthattheplanneduprisingwouldonlybringworsedis-
astersuponthecountry;butwhenitfinallybrokeout,bothmenjoined
itwithoutamoment’shesitation.UnlikeLelewel,Mochnacki,andmany
others,BrodzińskididnotgointoemigrationafterthefalloftheUpris-
ing,yetwhenhediedin1836,itwasonforeignsoil.Desperatelyill,he
wenttoseekhelpinDresden,wherehediedandwasburied.Hisceno-
taphinthechurchoftheSistersoftheVisitationinWarsawisabeautiful
monument,commissionedbyEustachyMarylskiandsculptedin1863
byWładysławOleszczyński(Fig.9).
TepoliticalatmosphereintheCongressKingdom,andthe
mountingconflictbetweenthetsaristauthoritiesandyoungstudentsof
theUniversity,wereeloquentlydescribedbyAleksanderJełowicki,who
hadfirststudiedinKraków,theninWarsaw,wherein1825hegradu-
atedwiththetitleofMasterofAdministration.Hisexcellentknowledge
ofPoland’scurrentandformercapitalcityenabledhimtomakevery
insightfulcomparisonsbetweenWarsaw’sdevelopmentandKraków’s
stagnation,andbetweenthepoliticaloppressioninthecapitalofthe
CongressKingdomandtherelativepoliticalfreedominKraków,Po-
land’sformercapital.Hewrote:
TedilerencebetweenWarsawandKrakówissuchasbetweena
livingandadeadcapitalcity.Tereonlymemories,likeevilghosts,
populatetheemptywalls,whileherethereismovementandthebus-
tleoflifeoftoday,thepresent;there,edificesfall,andhere,theyare
erected;there,thecityineverymomentseemstonarrowdownlikea
witheringflower,hereitexpandslikeaflowerinbloom;there,mod-
esty,poverty,prayer,andheresplendour,afuence,pride;butthere
thereisfreedom,anditisallowedtoutterasighfortheformerglory
andjoy,becausetheretheshadowsofgoodkingsstillreign,hereitis
notallowedtospeakorthinkofbygonetimes[ł],becausehererules
amonsterworsethanthedragonoftheWawelHill,amonsterwhich
requiresPolishbloodforitsdrink[ł],amonsterwhoseoneglance
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