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NiclasJohansson
Loqueesyomemirotambiénconcomplacenciaengrandesyopu-
estosespejosymesientoenperfectaconsonanciaconelparecerde
Petronila.
Teloconfesarétodo:cuandoPetronilamedejasola,15
Significantlyenough,Elliscutsthequotepreciselytoblockthepresenceof
peopleotherthanRafaelaherself,therebyemphasizingthesolipsisticaspectof
herself-love.Whensetinitscontextamuchmorecomplicatedstructureseems
tobeinvolved.Rafaelacouldbearguedtodesiretheadmirationorenvyof
hermaid,whointurnseemstobesomethingofastand-inforthemalegaze.
Teseaspects,centralastheyaretothesubsequentdevelopmentsofthecon-
ceptofnarcissism,cannotbecoveredbyEllis)sdefinitionofauto-erotismas
“thephenomenaofspontaneoussexualemotiongeneratedintheabsenceof
anexternalstimulusproceeding,directlyorindirectly,fromanotherperson.”16
Apartfrombeingsetinalanguageofstimuliandemotionswhichcan
hardlydealwiththeintricaciesofthemaid)sspeechandRafaela)simplicit
receptionofit,thisdefinitiondirectlycontradictstheevidenceprovidedby
Valera)snovel.
Tosummarize,Ellis)sconceptisaweakone,whichishighlydependentupon
theNarcissustradition.ItbringstheNarcissustheme,withitsmanifoldconfigu-
rations,intocontactwiththefieldofpsycho-sexualempiricalevidence,butit
doesnotcontrolthesemioticactivitytherebygenerated.Teintertextsactivated
bythereferencetoNarcissusproduceasurplusofmeaningwhichisnotbrought
undercontrolbypsychologicaltheory.
Secondly,weturntoFreud)sfirstuseoftheconceptinanewtext,inEine
KindheitserinnerungdesLeonardodaVinci(1910).Itisverylimitedinscope,but
seesnarcissismintroducedintothetheoreticalsystemofpsychoanalysis.Itinserts
itintothegeneticlanguageofsexualdevelopment.Freudtellsadevelopmental
storydesignedtofitLeonardo)ssexualdevelopment,buttoldasastorytypicalfor
malehomosexuals,emphasizingthedeviationsfrom“normal”development.It
tellsofaboywithaweakorabsentfatherandastrongmother,theeroticattach-
menttowhomis,therefore,especiallystrong.Tislovebecomesuntenablein
furtherconsciousdevelopmentandisrepressed.“DerKnabeverdrängtdieLiebe
zurMutter,indemersichselbstanderenStellesetzt,sichmitderMutteridentifi-
ziertundseineeigenePersonzumVorbildnimmt,indessenÄhnlichkeiterseine
neuenLiebesobjekteauswählt.”17(“Teboyrepressestheloveforthemother:he
putshimselfinherplace,identifieshimselfwithher,andtakeshisownpersonas
15Valera,Genioyfgura,181.
16Ellis,StudiesinthePsychologyofSex.Vol.I,161.
17SigmundFreud,GesammelteWerke:Chronologischgeordnet.BdVIII(London:Imago,
1943),170.